Low Emissions Resulting from Combustion of Forest Biomass in a Small Scale Heating Device

Abstract

The paper concerns the analysis of harmful emissions during the combustion process in households. The subject of the analysis is a low emission heating device with an output of 50 kW for burning biomass of forest origin (low-quality hardwoods or softwoods). The proposed boiler is automatically fed from the connected container by means of a screw conveyor. In this way, the optimum amount of fuel is supplied for maximum heat output (adjustment of the ratio of primary air to fuel). The proposed biomass heating system is equipped with a primary and secondary air supply system and exhaust gas sensors. This ensures optimal regulation of the air mixture and efficient and clean combustion. Proper control of the combustion process, control of the air supply by means of a lambda sensor and power control of the system ensure a low-emission combustion process. The system precisely adjusts to the heat demand. This results in highly efficient heating technology with low operating costs. In the presented work, the emission of exhaust gases from the proposed heating device during the combustion of woodchips and beech–oak pellets were measured. It is demonstrated that the proposed design of the boiler equipped with intelligent control significantly reduces emissions when the biomass solid fuels are used, e.g., CO emissions from beech and oak chips and pellets in the low-emission boiler—18 extract pipes shows the value <100 ppm, which is even lower than when gas is burned in the other boilers; on the other hand, the pine chips show even higher emission when burned in the low-emission burner. Consequently, the choice of biomass source and form of the fuel play some role in the emissions observed.

Assessing the Level of Energy and Climate Sustainability in the European Union Countries in the Context of the European Green Deal Strategy and Agenda 2030

“…To determine weights by the entropy weighting method for each indicator, according to relations (3) and 4:…”

“…In Europe, the concept of sustainable development is a fundamental and overarching objective, which is contained in Article 2 of the Lisbon Treaty [1]. One of the most important tasks of this concept is to ensure a stable natural environment, sustainable consumption and production, and the eradication of poverty [2,3]. The result of these actions is to ensure that all citizens have access to sources of stable, sustainable, and modern energy at affordable prices [4,5].…”

Influence of Thermal Decomposition of Wood and Wood-Based Materials on the State of the Atmospheric Air. Emissions of Toxic Compounds and Greenhouse Gases

“…Method of quantitative and qualitative analysis of toxic gaseous products, in detail was described in previous authors publication [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31].…”

“…It should be clearly noted that both NO 2 and HCN are emitted in the temperature range of 500-600 • C, which is in the range of combustion of thermal decomposition residues of both OSB and MDF (Table 1). The range of decomposition temperature values clearly indicates that the emission of volatile nitrogen compounds is related to the thermal decomposition of the binder used in the production of OSB and MDF [29,30].…”

Production and Characterization of Low-ash Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) Pellets as a Solid Biofuel

“…Combustion of forest biomass pellets in a boiler with intelligently designed air-fuel ratio generates lower CO and dust emissions than woodchips and lignite i.e. less than 100 ppm and 0.05 g h -1 , respectively [22]. Similarly, combustion of high quality wood pellets emits lesser particulate matters and CO, compared to low-density pellet or solid fuel [23].…”