“…The scholarly discourse on the relationship between urban densities and commuting patterns has gained considerable attention, particularly after the emergence of megacities with intricate urban configurations. This extensive body of research underscores the belief that urban spatial structure fundamentally influences commuting patterns, which in turn are closely linked to various urban challenges such as traffic congestion, motorization, energy consumption, air pollution, and psychological and health issues [1,3,4,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14]. Moreover, Urban density influences accessibility patterns and reflects the competition between land uses and traffic networks [5,15].…”