Low-Earth Orbit User Segment in the Ku and Ka-Band: An Overview of Antennas and RF Front-End Technologies

Amendola, Giandomenico; Cavallo, Daniele; Chaloun, Tobias; Defrance, Nicolas; Goussetis, George; Margalef‐Rovira, Marc; Martini, Enrica; Quevedo–Teruel, Oscar; Valenta, Václav; Fonseca, Nelson J. G.; Ettorre, Mauro

doi:10.1109/mmm.2022.3217961

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…A summary of typical consumer terminal earth station operating conditions can be found in Table 1 from both publicly available filing information and the literature [35]- [38]. These values will be used as realistic inputs to the proposed model to draw conclusions for this application area.…”

Section: A Consumer Terminal Parameters From Leo Satellite Constellat...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In adaptive antenna systems, the degradation is not easy to account for since it can change with other parameters. Thus the LMRA may need to be on the order of ~ 6 dB for adaptive antennas (especially planar, NT antennas) to have a fully closed link given various configurations [38].…”

Section: B Metric For the Dvb-s2x Satellite Communications Performanc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is therefore important to choose an LNA with a minimal NF to improve the recoverability of the EISI using the LNA. Most practical LNAs have NFs of about 1 dB [38] but better performance can be achieved using techniques such as cryogenic cooling.…”

Section: Amplification Based Partial Time Delay Compensationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the signals from NGSO satellites received by the ground-terminals change as the satellite's position moves across the sky, it is necessary for an adaptive terminal to be used, with the industry focusing on the NT phased array as the subject of most interest as a potential low-cost adaptive array [34]. This work will show illustrative examples using typical performance and operating conditions of these earth stations (based on public filings) as presented in [35]- [38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling and Mitigation of Time Delay Error for Non-Timed Arrays in Satellite Communications

Roper,

Peterson

2023

IEEE Access

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A hybrid electromagnetics and communications model is proposed to quantify the performance degradation of non-timed array antennas (e.g. phased arrays or reflectarray antennas) from time delay induced errors and partial mitigation techniques are investigated. As a non-timed array increases in size, steering angle, frequency, or symbol rate the signal degradation due to lack of true time delay compensation increases from the combined effect of the various per-element fractional time delays. The authors propose that the signal degradation from intersymbol interference due to timing effects can be thought of as an efficiency term and be used to assign a relative energy per symbol to noise power spectral density (EsNo) degradation based on standard satellite communications protocols (specifically DVB-S2X) with an assumed acceptable link margin. From these results, design recommendations are proposed for maximum array size, steering angle, and symbol rate for assumed operating conditions in satellite communications. The work also explores how partial mitigation techniques (e.g. equalization-based, spatial-based or amplification-based approaches) might be applied to the problem as an alternative to true time delay.

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Section: A Consumer Terminal Parameters From Leo Satellite Constellat...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Metric For the Dvb-s2x Satellite Communications Performanc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Amplification Based Partial Time Delay Compensationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling and Mitigation of Time Delay Error for Non-Timed Arrays in Satellite Communications

Roper,

Peterson

2023

IEEE Access

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“…Owing to this, the most notable flaw of a 2-D matrix is the excessive physical size. Besides, the growing number of ports in a large-scale beam-switching matrix will also lead to increased volume and a source of difficulties in the design [6]. Hence, with a steady stream of new developments, productive investigations of miniaturisation of two-dimensional beam-switching matrices have been facilitated and verified in numerous studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two‐plane waveguide coupler with arbitrary coupling ratios in the H‐plane and E‐plane directions

Li,

Hirokawa,

Tomura

2023

IET Microwaves Antenna & Prop

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A comprehensive theoretical analysis of two‐plane waveguide coupler with arbitrary coupling ratios in the H‐plane and E‐plane directions is provided and a design of the two‐plane coupler with coupling ratio in the H‐plane direction and coupling ratio in the E‐plane direction is reported. The analysis of the two‐plane waveguide coupler is fully refined and accomplished by the authors. To realise an arbitrary and different coupling ratio in the two directions, it is crucial to specifically constrain the transition phase of the quarter model of the two‐plane coupler for different boundaries as necessitated by mode polarity. A prototype of the proposed two‐plane coupler is manufactured and measured to verify the concept. Its performance is observed from 27.0 to 29.5 GHz (8.85% fractional bandwidth). The measurement results are basically in accord with the simulation results, demonstrating the reliability of the theoretical analysis. Finally, samples of designed conventional H‐plane and E‐plane couplers are provided, cascading of which can realise the same functionality as the proposed two‐plane coupler. Compared with one‐plane couplers, the two‐plane coupler reported realises overall miniaturisation rates in terms of length and volume around 58.4% and 50.1%, respectively. According to the demonstration and verification of the two‐plane couplers having arbitrary coupling ratios, the employment of the two‐plane couplers to replace the conventional one‐plane couplers to realise miniaturisation of 2‐D beam switching matrices will be promoted in future applications.

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MXene guides microwaves through 3D polymeric structures

Niksan,

Bi,

Kazemi

et al. 2024

Materials Today

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Low-Earth Orbit User Segment in the Ku and Ka-Band: An Overview of Antennas and RF Front-End Technologies

Cited by 27 publications

References 124 publications

Modeling and Mitigation of Time Delay Error for Non-Timed Arrays in Satellite Communications

Modeling and Mitigation of Time Delay Error for Non-Timed Arrays in Satellite Communications

Two‐plane waveguide coupler with arbitrary coupling ratios in the H‐plane and E‐plane directions

MXene guides microwaves through 3D polymeric structures

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