Low Earth Orbit Satellite Security and Reliability: Issues, Solutions, and the Road Ahead

Yue, Pingyue; An, Jianping; Zhang, Jiankang; Ye, Jia; Pan, Gaofeng; Wang, Shuai; Xiao, Pei; Hanzo, Lajos

doi:10.1109/comst.2023.3296160

Cited by 25 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 305 publications

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“…In addition, ML is used on the satellite to perform inference and training tasks of AI models, such as neural networks, with the objective of processing and analyzing the data collected by IoT devices intelligently and autonomously, without having to send all the data to a data center on Earth [5,39]. For its part, Blockchain technology implements a decentralized and transparent approach, which guarantees the authenticity of the data transmitted and stored by IoT devices [40]. Therefore, its use focuses on access control, privacy, and security authentication [41,42].…”

Section: Communication Channelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in LPWAN Technologies for LEO Satellite Constellations in the NewSpace Context

Ledesma,

Lamo,

Fraire

2024

Electronics

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This study applies satellite constellations in Internet of Things (IoT) communications, specifically within low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technologies in the NewSpace context. It comprehensively categorizes and describes the functionality and typology of low Earth orbits (LEOs), examines the societal impacts of these technologies, and provides an in-depth analysis of IoT communication architectures and protocols utilizing satellites. Additionally, the study identifies and addresses the challenges faced in this domain while highlighting future trends and developments. By collating and synthesizing pertinent information, this research offers a thorough overview of the opportunities and challenges in this evolving field of study.

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Section: Communication Channelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in LPWAN Technologies for LEO Satellite Constellations in the NewSpace Context

Ledesma,

Lamo,

Fraire

2024

Electronics

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“…However, the study scarcely covers attacks related to SCSs and their corresponding solutions. Yue et al [16] address the overall security and reliability issues in LEO satellite systems, offering solutions for these challenges. They also cover physical threats, which were previously under-addressed.…”

Section: Existing Surveysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Table 1, we compare and summarize the major attack and defense and main research points of each study. [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] This Survey…”

Section: Existing Surveysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To address these emerging threats and ensure the reliability and security of global communications, numerous studies have been proposed. These efforts aim to deal with physical layer security [8][9][10], improve cryptographic security measures [11][12][13], and integrate terrestrial-space network frameworks [14][15][16][17][18]. However, there is still a lack of systematic categorization and a limited knowledge about SCSs' security issues in existing research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Survey on Satellite Communication System Security

Kang,

Park,

Lee

2024

Sensors

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In recent years, satellite communication systems (SCSs) have rapidly developed in terms of their role and capabilities, promoted by advancements in space launch technologies. However, this rapid development has also led to the emergence of significant security vulnerabilities, demonstrated through real-world targeted attacks such as AcidRain and AcidPour that demand immediate attention from the security community. In response, various countermeasures, encompassing both technological and policy-based approaches, have been proposed to mitigate these threats. However, the multitude and diversity of these proposals make their comparison complex, requiring a systemized view of the landscape. In this paper, we systematically categorize and analyze both attacks and defenses within the framework of confidentiality, integrity, and availability, focusing on specific threats that pose substantial risks to SCSs. Furthermore, we evaluate existing countermeasures against potential threats in SCS environments and offer insights into the security policies of different nations, recognizing the strategic importance of satellite communications as a national asset. Finally, we present prospective security challenges and solutions for future SCSs, including full quantum communication, AI-integrated SCSs, and standardized protocols for the next generation of terrestrial–space communication.

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“…As promising candidates for Beyond 5G (B5G) and 6G communication systems [1], LEO satellites, which can be applied in communications, remote sensing, navigation, and other fields [2,3], have attracted extensive attention in military and civilian fields due to their wide communication coverage and long transmission distances. With the explosive growth of wireless services, future wireless communication systems are expected to provide higher capacity and transmission rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LEO Satellite Downlink Distributed Jamming Optimization Method Using a Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm

Tang,

Ding,

Zhang

2024

Remote Sensing

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Due to their low orbit, low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellites possess advantages such as minimal transmission delay, low link loss, flexible deployment, diverse application scenarios, and low manufacturing costs. Moreover, by increasing the number of satellites, the system capacity can be enhanced, making them the core of future communication systems. However, there have been instances where malicious actors used LEO satellite communication equipment to illegally broadcast events in large sports stadiums or engage in unauthorized leakage of military secrets in sensitive military areas. This has become an urgent issue in the field of communication security. To combat and prevent abnormal and illegal communication activities using LEO satellites, this study proposes a LEO satellite downlink distributed jamming optimization method using a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm. Firstly, a distributed jamming system model for the LEO satellite downlink is established. Then, using a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm, the jamming parameters are optimized in the power, time, and frequency domains. Field jamming experiments were conducted in the southwest outskirts of Xi’an, China, targeting the LEO constellation of the China Satellite Network. The results indicate that under the condition that the jamming coverage rate is no less than 90%, the proposed method maximizes jamming power, minimizes time delay, and minimizes frequency compensation compared to existing jamming optimization methods, effectively improving the real-time jamming performance and success rate.

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Low Earth Orbit Satellite Security and Reliability: Issues, Solutions, and the Road Ahead

Cited by 25 publications

References 305 publications

Trends in LPWAN Technologies for LEO Satellite Constellations in the NewSpace Context

Trends in LPWAN Technologies for LEO Satellite Constellations in the NewSpace Context

A Survey on Satellite Communication System Security

LEO Satellite Downlink Distributed Jamming Optimization Method Using a Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm

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