Low Doses of Repetitive Ultraviolet A Induce Morphologic Changes in Human Skin

Lowe, Nicholas J.; Meyers, D.; Wieder, Joshua M.; Luftman, Debra; Borget, Teresa; Lehman, Marjorie D.; Johnson, Anthony W.; Scott, Ian

doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12325517

Cited by 112 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…riboflavin, porphyrins (6), and exogenous photosensitizers like quinones. UVA is not absorbed by the ozone layer, and constitutes more than 95% of solar UV radiation reaching the surface of the earth playing a causal role in the etiology of non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancers and photoaging (46,47). As NEIL2-mediated oxidative damage repair is important for cellular defense mechanisms, we decided to test the role of UVA as a potential source of ROS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulation of NEIL2-mediated Oxidized Base Excision Repair via YB-1 Interaction during Oxidative Stress

Das

Chattopadhyay

Bhakat

et al. 2007

Journal of Biological Chemistry

125

104

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The recently characterized enzyme NEIL2 (Nei-like-2), one of the four oxidized base-specific DNA glycosylases (OGG1, NTH1, NEIL1, and NEIL2) in mammalian cells, has poor base excision activity from duplex DNA. To test the possibility that one or more proteins modulate its activity in vivo, we performed mass spectrometric analysis of the NEIL2 immunocomplex and identified Y box-binding (YB-1) protein as a stably interacting partner of NEIL2. We show here that YB-1 not only interacts physically with NEIL2, but it also cooperates functionally by stimulating its base excision activity by 7-fold. Moreover, YB-1 interacts with the other NEIL2-associated BER proteins, namely, DNA ligase III␣ and DNA polymerase ␤ and thus could form a large multiprotein complex. YB-1, normally present in the cytoplasm, translocates to the nucleus during UVA-induced oxidative stress, concomitant with its increased association with and activation of NEIL2. NEIL2-initiated base excision activity is significantly reduced in YB-1-depleted cells. YB-1 thus appears to have a novel regulatory role in NEIL2-mediated repair under oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)2 are believed to play an important role in inducing various disease pathologies including cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular disease, and aging (1, 2). ROS are formed endogenously as a byproduct of respiration and oxidative metabolism and exogenously by a variety of environmental agents including ultraviolet (UV) radiation (3-5). Of the total ultraviolet light spectrum (100 -400 nm) present in the natural sunlight, only UVA (320 -400 nm) and a small fraction of UVB (280 -320 nm) reach the surface of the earth, as UVB is mostly absorbed by the atmosphere. Although UVA is the predominant genotoxic radiation in the natural environment, it does not react directly with DNA, but interacts with cellular chromophores like riboflavin, porphyrins, quinones, and reduced nicotinamide cofactors to produce singlet oxygen (6). UVA also has the ability to penetrate deeper into the skin to proliferating basal layers, and causes DNA damage leading to genomic instability.Although cellular antioxidant defenses (e.g. catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase) effectively combat the effects of ROS, but oxidative DNA damage still occurs. Most of the DNA lesions, except double strand breaks, are repaired via the DNA base excision repair (BER) pathway, initiated with the excision of damaged base by a specific DNA glycosylase (7,8). Four oxidized base-specific DNA glycosylases have been identified and characterized so far in mammalian cells. 8-Oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase (OGG1) and endonuclease III homolog 1 (NTH1) were characterized previously and preferentially excise oxidized purines and pyrimidines, respectively (9, 10), and were thought to be the two major oxidized base-specific DNA glycosylases in mammalian cells. However, a lack of phenotype or significant cancer propensity of OGG1-and NTH1-null mice suggested the contribution of other DNA glycosylases in the repair of oxidized ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulation of NEIL2-mediated Oxidized Base Excision Repair via YB-1 Interaction during Oxidative Stress

Das

Chattopadhyay

Bhakat

et al. 2007

Journal of Biological Chemistry

125

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Photoaging or dermatoheliosis is the adverse changes in skin caused by long-term exposure to UV radiations (Lowe et al 1995). The effects of consuming whey peptides (200 and 400 mg/kg, twice daily) on chronic UV-B radiation-induced skin alterations (thickness, suppleness and wrinkle formation) were investigated in mice models.…”

Section: Skin Protectantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging trends in nutraceutical applications of whey protein and its derivatives

Patel

2015

J Food Sci Technol

127

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The looming food insecurity demands the utilization of nutrient-rich residues from food industries as valueadded products. Whey, a dairy industry waste has been characterized to be excellent nourishment with an array of bioactive components. Whey protein comprises 20 % of total milk protein and it is rich in branched and essential amino acids, functional peptides, antioxidants and immunoglobulins. It confers benefits against a wide range of metabolic diseases such as cardiovascular complications, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, cancer and phenylketonuria. The protein has been validated to boost recovery from resistance exercise-injuries, stimulate gut physiology and protect skin against detrimental radiations. Apart from health invigoration, whey protein has proved its suitability as fat replacer and emulsifier. Further, its edible and antimicrobial packaging potential renders its highly desirable in food as well as pharmaceutical sectors. Considering the enormous nutraceutical worth of whey protein, this review emphasizes on its established and emerging biological roles. Present and future scopes in food processing and dietary supplement formulation are discussed. Associated hurdles are identified and how technical advancement might augment its applications are explored. This review is expected to provide valuable insight on whey protein-fortified functional foods, associated technical hurdles and scopes of improvement.

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“…Recent studies with human volunteers revealed that several days of UVA exposure induced slight dermal changes (Lavker et al, 1995a,b;Lowe et al, 1995). However, experimental chronic UV exposure are difficult to perform in humans for ethical reasons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

UVA exposure of human skin reconstructed in vitro induces apoptosis of dermal fibroblasts: subsequent connective tissue repair and implications in photoaging

1998

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The skin reconstructed in vitro has been previously shown to be a useful model to investigate the effects of UVB exposure (Bernerd and Asselineau, 1997). The present study describes the response to UVA irradiation. Major alterations were observed within the dermal compartment. Apoptosis of fibroblasts located in the superficial area of the dermal equivalent was observed as soon as 6 h after irradiation, leading to their disappearance after 48 h. This effect was obtained without major alterations of epidermal keratinocytes suggesting a differential cell type sensitivity to UVA radiations. In addition, collagenase I was secreted by dermal fibroblasts. The UVA dermal effects could be observed even after removal of the epidermis during the post irradiation period, demonstrating that they were independent of the keratinocyte response. The analysis of the tissue regeneration during the following 2 weeks revealed a connective tissue repair via fibroblasts proliferation, migration and active synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins such as fibronectin and procollagen I. This cellular recolonization of the superficial part of the dermal equivalent was due to activation of surviving fibroblasts located deeply in the dermal equivalent. The direct damage in the dermis and the subsequent connective tissue repair may contribute to the formation of UVA-induced dermal alterations.

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Low Doses of Repetitive Ultraviolet A Induce Morphologic Changes in Human Skin

Cited by 112 publications

References 12 publications

Stimulation of NEIL2-mediated Oxidized Base Excision Repair via YB-1 Interaction during Oxidative Stress

Stimulation of NEIL2-mediated Oxidized Base Excision Repair via YB-1 Interaction during Oxidative Stress

Emerging trends in nutraceutical applications of whey protein and its derivatives

UVA exposure of human skin reconstructed in vitro induces apoptosis of dermal fibroblasts: subsequent connective tissue repair and implications in photoaging

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