Low-dose Thimerosal in pediatric vaccines: Adverse effects in perspective

Dórea, José G.

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2016.10.028

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 194 publications

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“…The public health weight of evidence is somewhat equivocal, but generally has not pointed to adverse health outcomes associated with amalgams (Clarkson and Magos 2006 ) or vaccines (Stratton et al 2001 ). However, developing biomarkers of Hg sensitivity and subtle adverse effects of Hg exposure (see Domain 3) may further inform this topic (Branco et al 2017 ; Crowe et al 2017 ; Dorea 2017 ; Modabbernia et al 2017 ). Voluntary steps to reduce uses of Hg in medical applications have been taken by many producers and in many countries, but it still represents a significant source of Hg to many populations and thus should to be considered in cumulative exposure assessments.…”

Section: Domain 2: Global Extrinsic and Individual/molecular-level Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulators of mercury risk to wildlife and humans in the context of rapid global change

Eagles‐Smith

Silbergeld

Basu

et al. 2018

Ambio

278

163

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Environmental mercury (Hg) contamination is an urgent global health threat. The complexity of Hg in the environment can hinder accurate determination of ecological and human health risks, particularly within the context of the rapid global changes that are altering many ecological processes, socioeconomic patterns, and other factors like infectious disease incidence, which can affect Hg exposures and health outcomes. However, the success of global Hg-reduction efforts depends on accurate assessments of their effectiveness in reducing health risks. In this paper, we examine the role that key extrinsic and intrinsic drivers play on several aspects of Hg risk to humans and organisms in the environment. We do so within three key domains of ecological and human health risk. First, we examine how extrinsic global change drivers influence pathways of Hg bioaccumulation and biomagnification through food webs. Next, we describe how extrinsic socioeconomic drivers at a global scale, and intrinsic individual-level drivers, influence human Hg exposure. Finally, we address how the adverse health effects of Hg in humans and wildlife are modulated by a range of extrinsic and intrinsic drivers within the context of rapid global change. Incorporating components of these three domains into research and monitoring will facilitate a more holistic understanding of how ecological and societal drivers interact to influence Hg health risks.

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Section: Domain 2: Global Extrinsic and Individual/molecular-level Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulators of mercury risk to wildlife and humans in the context of rapid global change

Eagles‐Smith

Silbergeld

Basu

et al. 2018

Ambio

278

163

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…It has been reported in different sources such as poultry, fish, fungicides, pesticides, insecticides and pharmaceutical preservatives. Although different data suggest that the most frequent exposure to MeHg should occur from fish consumption, there are still people believing that exposure to EtHg may come from the administration of vaccines containing the preservative thimerosal that is quickly metabolized to this form, despite the many controversies on this issue …”

Section: Organic Mercurymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although different data suggest that the most frequent exposure to MeHg should occur from fish consumption, 88,89 there are still people believing that exposure to EtHg may come from the administration of vaccines containing the preservative thimerosal that is quickly metabolized to this form, despite the many controversies on this issue. [90][91][92][93][94]…”

Section: Organic Mercurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mercury exposure and its effects on fertility and pregnancy outcome

Bjørklund

Chirumbolo

Dadar

et al. 2019

Basic Clin Pharma Tox

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Mercury (Hg), a highly toxic environmental pollutant, shows harmfulness which still represents a big concern for human health, including hazards to fertility and pregnancy outcome. Research has shown that Hg could induce impairments in the reproductive function, cellular deformation of the Leydig cells and the seminiferous tubules, and testicular degeneration as well as abnormal menstrual cycles. Some studies investigated spontaneous abortion and complicated fertility outcome due to occupational Hg exposure. Moreover, there is a relation between inhaled Hg vapour and reproductive outcome. This MiniReview evaluates the hypothesis that exposure to Hg may increase the risk of reduced fertility, spontaneous abortion and congenital deficits or abnormalities.

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“…A tremendous wealth of medical research has questioned the potential roles of known neurotoxicants, organic or inorganic, indicating that not one of these clearly stands out. Vaccines have been extensively questioned [ 51 , 52 , 53 , 56 , 172 ], but testing has always appeared to confirm their safety. However, it is true that some disturbing evidence is apparent otherwise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in fish, arsenic is largely present in a non-toxic organic form (arsenobetaine) that the body cannot metabolize [ 49 ]. Mercury is highly neurotoxic in organic forms, such as the methylmercury in fish [ 50 ], and thimerosal still used in some vaccines [ 51 , 52 , 53 ]. However, elemental Hg from tooth amalgams, for example, and most of its divalent inorganic forms normally encountered, are more toxic to the body than the brain.…”

Section: The Major Neurotoxicants and Their Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Metal Neurotoxins: An Important Role in Current Human Neural Epidemics?

Schofield

2017

IJERPH

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Many published studies have illustrated that several of the present day neurological epidemics (autism, attention deficit disorder, Alzheimer’s) cannot be correlated to any single neurotoxicant. However, the present scientific examination of the numerous global blood monitoring databases for adults that include the concentrations of the neurotoxic elements, aluminum (Al), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), and selenium (Se) clearly indicate that, when considered in combination, for some, the human body may become easily over-burdened. This can be explained by changes in modern lifestyles. Similar data, solely for pregnant women, have been examined confirming this. All these elements are seen to be present in the human body and at not insignificant magnitudes. Currently suggested minimum risk levels (MRL) for humans are discussed and listed together with averages of the reported distributions, together with their spread and maximum values. One observation is that many distributions for pregnant women are not too dissimilar from those of general populations. Women obviously have their individual baseline of neurotoxin values before pregnancy and any efforts to modify this to any significant degree is not yet clearly apparent. For any element, distribution shapes are reasonably similar showing broad distributions with extended tails with numerous outlier values. There are a certain fraction of people that lie well above the MRL values and may be at risk, especially if genetically susceptible. Additionally, synergistic effects between neurotoxins and with other trace metals are now also being reported. It appears prudent for women of child-bearing age to establish their baseline values well before pregnancy. Those at risk then can be better identified. Adequate instrumental testing now is commercially available for this. In addition, directives are necessary for vaccination programs to use only non-neurotoxic adjuvants, especially for young children and all women of child-bearing ages. Additionally, clearer directives concerning fish consumption must now be reappraised.

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Low-dose Thimerosal in pediatric vaccines: Adverse effects in perspective

Cited by 26 publications

References 194 publications

Modulators of mercury risk to wildlife and humans in the context of rapid global change

Modulators of mercury risk to wildlife and humans in the context of rapid global change

Mercury exposure and its effects on fertility and pregnancy outcome

The Metal Neurotoxins: An Important Role in Current Human Neural Epidemics?

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