Low-Dose Oral Contraceptive Use and the Risk of Myocardial Infarction

Rosenberg, Lynn; Palmer, Julie R.; Rao, R. Sowmya; Shapiro, Samuel

doi:10.1001/archinte.161.8.1065

Cited by 90 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…It is worth noting that the published case the only associated risk factor was smoking. There is a study use of low dose (≤50 µg) estrogen is unrelated to an increased risk of MI among light smokers (≤24 cigarettes/day) , whereas, some studies showed, regardless of the type of OC, an increased events of arterial thrombosis, mainly MI and stroke, in smokers . Our preliminary results are similar to those previous studies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Drospirenone‐Containing Oral Contraceptives and Risk of Adverse Outcomes After Myocardial Infarction

Karabay

Kocabay

Oduncu

et al. 2013

Cathet Cardio Intervent

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This is the first study to evaluate the myocardial infarction risk and its subsequent clinical sequelae in women having a STEMI while taking the OC-Yasmin. Women on the oral contraception Yasmin, who underwent coronary revascularization had a lower post-procedural complete ST resolution and worse left ventricular function. Furthermore, OC use with Yasmin is an independent predictor of a high-grade thrombus burden.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Drospirenone‐Containing Oral Contraceptives and Risk of Adverse Outcomes After Myocardial Infarction

Karabay

Kocabay

Oduncu

et al. 2013

Cathet Cardio Intervent

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“…Over the last few decades, several small case-control studies have reported on the increased risk of MI associated with use of oral contraceptives, heavy smoking, history of diabetes and hypertension in younger women 2, 3, 23–25 . From a dietary perspective, the only available case-control data suggest a reduction in risk with moderate alcohol consumption and a modest increase in risk with very high coffee intake (≥ 10 cups per day) 26, 27 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Anthocyanin Intake Is Associated With a Reduced Risk of Myocardial Infarction in Young and Middle-Aged Women

et al. 2013

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Background Our current knowledge of modifiable risk factors to prevent myocardial infarction (MI) in young and middle-aged women is limited, and the impact of diet is largely unknown. Dietary flavonoids exert potential beneficial effects on endothelial function in short-term trials; however the relationship between habitual intake and risk of MI in women in unknown. Methods and Results We followed 93,600 women aged 25–42 years from the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) II who were healthy at baseline (1989) to examine the relationship between anthocyanins and other flavonoids and risk of MI. Intake of flavonoid sub-classes were calculated from validated food-frequency questionnaires collected every 4 years using an updated and extended USDA database. During 18 years of follow-up, 405 cases of MI were reported. An inverse association between higher intake of anthocyanins and risk of MI was observed (Hazard Ratio [HR]: 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.49–0.96; p=0.03 comparing highest versus lowest quintiles) after multivariate adjustment. The addition of intermediate conditions, including history of hypertension, did not significantly attenuate the relationship (HR 0.70; 0.50–0.97; p=0.03). Combined intake of two anthocyanin-rich foods, blueberries and strawberries, tended to be associated with a decreased risk of MI (HR 0.66; 0.40–1.08) comparing those consuming >3 servings/week to those with lower intake. Intakes of other flavonoid sub-classes were not significantly associated with MI risk. Conclusions A high intake of anthocyanins may reduce MI risk in predominately young women. Intervention trials are needed to further examine the health impact of increasing intakes of commonly consumed anthocyanin-rich foods.

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“…Furthermore, there is limited evidence regarding associations between modifiable lifestyle factors and CHD in young women. Existing evidence for CHD risk factors in young women comes primarily from small case-control studies and is limited to oral contraceptive use (24), smoking (25), diabetes (25), hypertension (25), alcohol (26), and coffee (27). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthy Lifestyle in the Primordial Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Among Young Women

Chomistek

Chiuve

Eliassen

et al. 2015

Journal of the American College of Cardiology

202

116

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Background Overall mortality rates from coronary heart disease (CHD) in the U.S. have declined in recent decades, yet the rate has plateaued among younger women. The potential for further improvement in mortality rates among young women through changes in lifestyle is unknown. Objectives To estimate the proportion of CHD cases and clinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among young women that might be attributable to poor adherence to a healthy lifestyle. Methods We conducted a prospective analysis among 88,940 women, aged 27–44 years at baseline, in the Nurses’ Health Study II and followed from 1991 – 2011. Lifestyle factors were updated repeatedly by questionnaire. A healthy lifestyle was defined as not smoking, normal body mass index (BMI), physical activity ≥ 2.5 hours/week, television ≤ 7 hours/week, diet in top 40% of the Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010, and 0.1 – 14.9 g/day of alcohol. To estimate the proportion of CHD and clinical CVD risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia) that could be attributed to poor adherence to a healthy lifestyle, we calculated the population attributable risk percent. Results During 20 years of follow-up, we documented 456 incident CHD cases. In multivariable-adjusted models, non-smoking, healthy BMI, exercise, and healthy diet were independently and significantly associated with lower CHD risk. Compared to women with no healthy lifestyle factors, the hazard ratio (HR) for CHD for women with 6 lifestyle factors was 0.08 (95% CI: 0.03 to 0.22). Approximately 73% (95% CI: 39%to 89%) of CHD cases were attributable to poor adherence to a healthy lifestyle. Similarly, 46% (95% CI: 43%to 49%) of clinical CVD risk factor cases were attributable to poor lifestyle. Conclusions Primordial prevention through maintenance of a healthy lifestyle among young women may substantially lower the burden of CVD.

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Low-Dose Oral Contraceptive Use and the Risk of Myocardial Infarction

Abstract: Current use of low-dose OCs in the United States is unrelated to an increased risk of MI among nonsmokers and light smokers, but users who smoke heavily may be at greatly increased risk.

Cited by 90 publications

References 25 publications

Drospirenone‐Containing Oral Contraceptives and Risk of Adverse Outcomes After Myocardial Infarction

Drospirenone‐Containing Oral Contraceptives and Risk of Adverse Outcomes After Myocardial Infarction

High Anthocyanin Intake Is Associated With a Reduced Risk of Myocardial Infarction in Young and Middle-Aged Women

Healthy Lifestyle in the Primordial Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Among Young Women

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