Low-Dose Ketamine Infusion to Decrease Postoperative Delirium for Spinal Fusion Patients

Increased A1 astrocyte activation‐driven hippocampal neural network abnormality mediates delirium‐like behavior in aged mice undergoing cardiac surgery

“…These are likely the key molecular bases of delirium‐like behavior following surgery in our study. This conclusion is also supported by recent publications suggesting that the use of NMDAR antagonists might potentially prevent delirium (Bornemann‐Cimenti et al., 2016 ; Meco et al., 2023 ; Plyler et al., 2019 ; Roy et al., 2016 ). However, further research is needed to determine the specific NMDAR antagonist type, the optimal timing and dosage, and the duration of treatment that is most effective in preventing delirium.…”

Risk factors of postoperative delirium following spine surgery: A meta-analysis of 50 cohort studies with 1.1 million participants

“…[ 35 ] 2019 Retrospective cohort study Korea 2010–2016 3634 57.40 NR Song, K. J. [ 36 ] 2019 Retrospective cohort study Korea 2014–2016 3611 50.57 As defined in the fourth edition of the DSM-V Plyler, S. S. [ 37 ] 2018 Prospective study USA NR 30 56.67 The CAM, CAM-ICU, and the 3D-CAM Kang, S. Y. [ 12 ] 2018 Prospective study Korea 2015–2016 104 65.40 Eligible individuals who were scheduled to have spinal surgery the next day were assessed previous or current delirium using the CAM.…”

“…[ 35 ] NR Age, Sex, BMI, HTN, DM, Tuberculosis, Heart disease, Stroke, Cancer, Hyperlipidemia, Parkinsonism, Depression, Operation time, ICU stay 18.90 NR Song, K. J. [ 36 ] An acute and fluctuating impairment of consciousness that is accompanied by disturbances in attention, cognition, and perception Preexisting dementia, Old age, Functional impairment, Comorbidities, Psychopathological symptoms 4.27 The chi-square test was used to evaluate differences according to etiology Plyler, S. S. [ 37 ] Acute onset or fluctuating course of mental status and Inattention, and either feature disorganized thinking or altered level of consciousness LOS, Alcohol, Sleep cycle alterations, Inadequate pain control, Age greater than 65 years, Decreased renal clearance, Infection, Fever, Hearing and vision impairment, Anemia and Electrolyte disturbances 28.60 No statistically significant difference was found between preimplementation Kang, S. Y. [ 12 ] Eligible individuals who were assessed previous or current delirium using the CAM RBD, Hypotension, Age, Men, Hypertension, DM, Cardiovascular comorbidity, Psychiatric disease, Previous dementia, MCI, Previous old CVA, TIA MMSE score, Admission to ICU, Blood loss during operation, Operation time, Anxiety disorder 14.40 Logistic regression analysis and univariate logistic regression analysis Morino, T. [ 38 ] Disturbances in attention and awareness associated with impairment in at least one cognitive function, including memory, orientation, language, visuospatial ability, or perception Large amounts of intraoperative bleeding, Low preoperative concentration of serum Na, Low hematocrit level, Low concentration of albumin, High body temperature 11.10 Multivariate logistic regression models, with backward elimination were constructed to find independent risk factors Kobayashi, K. [ 39 ] Acute onset with fluctuations in neuropsychiatric function, inattention, disorganized thinking, and altered levels of consciousness Different surgical lesions, preoperative motor loss 0.31 Mann Whitney U test or Student ...…”

Perioperative Intravenous Low-Dose Ketamine Infusion to Minimize Pain for Septorhinoplasty: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Study

“…[5][6][7] In the last 2 decades, many studies have been conducted on the effects of ketamine on postoperative pain, chronic pain, depression, and postop delirium treatment. [8][9][10][11] Ketamine is a phencyclidine derivative synthesized in 1962. 12 It is the only anesthetic agent with analgesic, hypnotic, and amnesic effects.…”