Low-dose insemination—Why, when and how

Lyle, Sara K.; Ferrer, Maria S.

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.05.012

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The steady development of artificial insemination (AI) with frozen-thawed sperm in the equine industry requires efforts to improve the quality of frozen samples, and also to minimize individual variability among stallions in the freezeability of their ejaculates. Attempts to improve current cryopreservation protocols (Loomis and Graham, 2008, Vidament et al, 2000, and development of techniques for deep intrauterine insemination with a reduced number of spermatozoa (Lyle and Ferrer, 2005) are relatively recent innovations in equine breeding. In spite of these facts, cryopreservation protocols used in this species are still under development, mainly due to past limitations for AI in most of the stud books, and lack of funds for research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Freezing stallion semen with the new Cáceres extender improves post thaw sperm quality and diminishes stallion-to-stallion variability

Rodríguez

Ortega-Ferrusola

Macías‐García

et al. 2011

Animal Reproduction Science

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Split samples from 7 stallions were simultaneously frozen in four different extenders, INRA 96 egg yolk glycerol, Gent and the two newly developed extenders Caceres 1 and 2. After thawing, samples were evaluated for motility (CASA system) sperm membrane integrity, early membrane changes, acrosome integrity, and mitochondrial membrane potential (flow cytometry). Samples frozen in Caceres 2 extender consistently showed the best results in postthaw motility and velocity, membrane integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential. However, in terms of sperm motility, the results were not different from those observed in samples frozen in Cáceres 1 extender. It is concluded that these new extenders can be included in a freezeability test that the semen from each individual sire should undergo before entering a commercial freezing program.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Freezing stallion semen with the new Cáceres extender improves post thaw sperm quality and diminishes stallion-to-stallion variability

Rodríguez

Ortega-Ferrusola

Macías‐García

et al. 2011

Animal Reproduction Science

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“…With experience, both techniques can be performed very rapidly. Hysteroscopic insemination if preformed in less than 5 min does not cause significant irritation or trauma to the uterus (Lyle and Ferrer 2005) . The major disadvantage of the RI is the risk of trauma to the uterus or the rectum during the manipulations.…”

Section: Advantages and Disadvantagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although it would seem contradictory to reduce the number of sperm deposited in a mare while trying to maintain a high level of fertility, there are several reasons why clinicians and breeders have been trying to implement this technology in a breeding programme. (i) Although most stallions overproduce semen for their demand, the increasing use of equine cryopreserved semen together with the marketing strategies, the high cost of an insemination dose and ⁄ or the inability of some stallions to cope with their demand for fresh semen; (ii) The application of techniques for sex-sorted sperm (Buchanan et al 2000Clulow et al 2008), (iii) Even though it is not commonly done, the use of epididymal sperm for insemination of mares requires a low volume inseminate that achieves better results when deposited close to the oviductal papilla (Papa et al 2008;Melo et al 2010) (iv) The possibility of increasing the pregnancy rates of stallions with low fertility using frozen semen (Samper et al 2008), (v) The insemination of mares with fresh or cooled transported semen when semen quality is suboptimal and (vi) The reduction of the uterine inflammatory reaction post-breeding (Gu¨venc et al 2005 andLyle andFerrer 2005) have been suggested as the main reasons for the use and implementation of low dose and deep horn insemination techniques in the horse industry.…”

Section: Why Use a Low Insemination Dose?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2008), (v) The insemination of mares with fresh or cooled transported semen when semen quality is sub‐optimal and (vi) The reduction of the uterine inflammatory reaction post‐breeding (Güvenc et al. 2005 and Lyle and Ferrer 2005) have been suggested as the main reasons for the use and implementation of low dose and deep horn insemination techniques in the horse industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Techniques for the Insemination of Low Doses of Stallion Sperm

Samper¹,

Plough²

2010

Reprod Domestic Animals

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ContentsIn the last decade, there has been a significant increase in the quality and commercial use of frozen equine semen. The emergence of new reproductive technologies, coupled with the high prices for an insemination dose from some stallions, the increasing costs of import and export and the marketing policies of stallion agents or owners in the sport horse industry has stimulated the fractionation of doses for insemination. Consequently, the sperm number and the volume of an insemination dose are significantly reduced. To deliver lower doses of sperm in lower volumes compared to the standard dose, two techniques are used in clinical practice. Semen can be delivered hysteroscopically (HI) or by rectally guiding a flexible pipette to the tip of the desired uterine horn (RI). Both techniques have been described with good success and have triggered an incentive to further reduce the number of spermatozoa without having a negative effect on fertility. This article will review the expected success of both techniques in clinical settings and will highlight their advantages and disadvantages both for the mare and stallion. In addition, some of the implications of reducing sperm numbers on the industry will be discussed. From the available information, it is evident that lower sperm numbers deposited by RI or HI to deliver the inseminate can result in acceptable pregnancy rates with fresh or frozen semen in commercial settings. These methods of insemination could have major implications in the implementation and commercialization of new and emerging technologies in the equine industry.

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“…Acredita-se que a mudança do local de deposição do sêmen tenha potencial para melhorar a eficiência do sêmen congelado ou sexado de certos garanhões (Buchanan et al, 2000;Lindsey et al, 2002a;Lindsey et al, 2002b;Lyle & Ferrer, 2005). Deve-se considerar ainda o aumento potencial da fertilidade de garanhões subférteis (Rigby et al, 2000) e a utilização do sêmen de garanhões idosos com limitada produção espermática diária, que não permitem a inseminação de todas as éguas em cio durante o pico da estação reprodutiva (Weems & Byers, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Efeitos do local de deposição do sêmen e do intervalo inseminação/ ovulação sobre a fertilidade de éguas inseminadas com sêmen fresco diluído

Xavier¹,

Filho²,

Carvalho³

et al. 2010

R. Bras. Zootec.

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RESUMO -Estudou-se o efeito do intervalo da inseminação artificial à ovulação sobre a fertilidade de éguas, considerando principalmente o local de deposição do sêmen. Os intervalos foram de 48 horas e 24 horas antes da ovulação e de 48 horas e 72 horas entre as duas últimas inseminações. As inseminações foram realizadas no ápice do corno uterino, por via intravaginal profunda, com 1/5 da dose inseminante utilizada para o corpo do útero (15 mL-GI). As éguas foram rufiadas diariamente e inseminadas às segundas, quartas e sextas-feiras, a partir de um folículo de 3,0 a 3,5 cm de diâmetro, com sêmen fresco diluído em diluidor de leite desnatado-glicose. Não houve diferença nas taxas de concepção/ciclo entre as inseminações realizadas no corpo (42,86%) e no ápice (45,95%) com concentrações médias de 489 e 102 milhões de espermatozoides móveis. Não foram observadas diferenças entre os grupos experimentais no mesmo intervalo inseminação artificial/ovulação, no entanto, quando as taxas de concepção foram comparadas entre intervalos em mesmo local de deposição do sêmen, taxas de concepção inferiores estiveram relacionadas às inseminações realizadas antes da ovulação. Por outro lado, as inseminações realizadas antes e após a ovulação, independentemente dos intervalos inseminação/ovulação, resultaram em melhores taxas de concepção. As concentrações espermáticas/dose inseminante podem ser significativamente reduzidas, sem prejuízo à fertilidade, quando o sêmen é depositado próximo à papila tubárica. Entretanto, há necessidade de inseminações antes e depois da ovulação para que se obtenham melhores taxas de fertilidade quando se utiliza sêmen de baixa viabilidade no trato genital da égua, visando ao estabelecimento de um reservatório espermático adequado no momento da ovulação.Palavras-chave: ápice do corno uterino, inseminação artificial, sêmen fresco, taxa de concepção Effects of semen deposition site and the insemination/ovulation interval on fertility of mares inseminated with fresh diluted semenABSTRACT -The effect of the interval from artificial insemination to ovulation on mare fertility rates was studied, taking account the semen deposition site. The intervals were 48 hours and 24 hours prior to ovulation, 48 hours and 72 hours between the two last inseminations. The inseminations in the tip of the uterine horn (GII) were carried out by the deep intravaginal technique using 1/5 of the inseminating dose used in the uterine body (15mL-GI). The mares were teased daily and inseminated on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays, starting with a follicle from 3.0 to 3.5 cm of diameter, using fresh semen diluted in skim milk glucose extender. Only one stallion of 20 year-old and well-known fertility was utilized. There was no difference in the conception rates/cycles between the inseminations carried out in the uterine body (42.86%) and in the tip of the uterine horn (45.95%) utilizing average concentrations of 489 and 102 million mobile spermatozoa, respectively.No differences were observed between experimental groups for the same...

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Low-dose insemination—Why, when and how

Cited by 17 publications

References 19 publications

Freezing stallion semen with the new Cáceres extender improves post thaw sperm quality and diminishes stallion-to-stallion variability

Freezing stallion semen with the new Cáceres extender improves post thaw sperm quality and diminishes stallion-to-stallion variability

Techniques for the Insemination of Low Doses of Stallion Sperm

Efeitos do local de deposição do sêmen e do intervalo inseminação/ ovulação sobre a fertilidade de éguas inseminadas com sêmen fresco diluído

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