Low-Dose Ferrous Bisglycinate Chelate Supplementation in Chronic Kidney Disease and Hemodialysis Patients

Abstract

Background: Provision of parenteral or oral iron supplementation can restore iron stores and maintain stable hemoglobin levels in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hemodialysis (HD) patients. The route for oral or intravenous (IV) administration of iron depends on the acuity of anemia, costs, and patient tolerance. IV iron can restore iron stores rapidly but also carries higher risks for allergy and infection. Oral iron supplementation is limited by high gastrointestinal adverse effects. Methods: We conducted an open-label trial to study the efficiency of a film-coated iron supplementation tablet, which contains ferrous bisglycinate chelate, vitamin C, and folic acid, in CKD stage 3b to 4 and HD patients. Results: Twenty-seven HD patients and 20 CKD patients participated this study. After a 16-week intervention, low-dose ferrous bisglycinate chelate improved serum iron concentration (67.8 vs 87.2 mg/dL, p = 0.04) and transferrin saturation (24.7% vs 31.3%, p = 0.03) in stage 3 to 4 CKD patients, restored iron loss, and maintained stable hemoglobin levels in HD patients. No GI upset events were reported. Conclusion: Ferrous bisglycinate chelate is a well-tolerated oral iron supplementation for CKD and HD patients.

Diet Management of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in Bariatric Surgery

“…The intravenous route of iron supply can rapidly replenish iron stores, but carries a greater risk of allergies and infections. For this reason, it is worth trying to introduce iron supplementation in the form of chetal, which is more easily absorbed than in the traditional form [ 105 ]. In the event of failure of this form of supply the intravenous dose of iron used should be considered individually.…”

To Do One and To Get More: Part II. Diabetes and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver diseases

“…Diabetes mellitus (DM), a complex chronic systemic inflammatory disease, is a heavy socio-economic burden resulting from the severe morbidity and mortality imposed by direct DM-associated diseases and indirect DM accompanied with disorders, 1 secondary to the micro- and macrovascular damage and dysfunction, resulting in hypertension, 2 ischemic stroke, 3 ophthalmic problems (macular edema 4,5 and neovascularization 6 ), kidney-associated diseases 7 and their related complications, 8 sexual dysfunction, 9 neurological disorders, 10 peripheral neuropathy, 11 diabetic foot or other chronic subcutaneous ulcer problems, 12 metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD, also called as metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease [FLD], nonalcoholic FLD [NAFLD] or metabolic associated steatohepatitis [MASH]), 13 atherosclerosis 14 and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, 15 osteoporosis, 16,17 and fracture. 18 DM is also complicated by acute life-threatening diseases, 19 such as hyperglycemia (hyperglycemia hyperosmolar nonketotic coma and diabetic ketoacidosis) or hypoglycemia (syncope and sudden death) 20,21 as well as exacerbation of many chronic illnesses-related mortality (cancer as an example).…”