Low-Diversity Antarctic Soil Nematode Communities: Distribution and Response to Disturbance

Freckman, Diana W.; Virginia, Ross A.

doi:10.2307/2266013

Cited by 60 publications

(93 citation statements)

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“…Soil moisture is limited except for areas adjacent to ephemeral streams (Treonis et al, 1999;Fig. 1 Barrett et al, 2002), lakes (Gooseff et al, in press) and glaciers (Freckman and Virginia, 1997).…”

Section: Site Description and Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Organic matter content of these soils is extremely low, and a large proportion is attributed to the deposition of ancient and contemporary lake sediments Burkins et al, 2000). Biological communities in dry valley soils are marked by low diversity (Freckman and Virginia, 1997;Cowan et al, 2002;Aislabie et al, 2006). There are no vascular plants, and nematodes are the most abundant and widely distributed of the metazoan invertebrates (Adams et al, 2006).…”

Section: Site Description and Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil phosphorus cycling in an Antarctic polar desert

et al. 2008

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Section: Site Description and Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Site Description and Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil phosphorus cycling in an Antarctic polar desert

et al. 2008

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“…Communities of the most extreme Antarctic environments appear to be at the first stages of colonisation or succession, and are limited purely by the extreme conditions rather than biotic interactions. They are expected to be very sensitive to changes in climate or consequential processes (Callaghan and Jonasson 1995;Freckman and Virginia 1997;Frenot et al 2005).…”

Section: Antarctic Terrestrial Ecosystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of terrestrial Antarctic ecosystems to climate change

Convey

Smith

2006

Plant Ecol

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Antarctic terrestrial biota are generally limited by the inexorably linked environmental factors of low summer temperature and lack of available water. However, in parts of the Antarctic, both these factors are changing rapidly on contemporary timescales. Terrestrial biota have concurrently been faced with changes in the timing of UV-B maxima associated with spring ozone depletion. The region of the Antarctic Peninsula and Scotia Arc has experienced one of the most rapid rates of environmental warming seen worldwide over the last 30 -50 years. Together with local changes in precipitation, this has resulted in a rapid reduction in extent and thinning of many ice-fields and glaciers, exposing new terrain for colonisation while, at the same time, altering patterns of water availability in terrestrial habitats. The rapid development of communities on newly-exposed ground is also facilitated by the existence of soil propagule banks, which contain propagules of both local and exotic origin. In this paper we collate and review evidence from a range of observational and manipulative studies that investigate the effect of climate change, especially increased temperature, on the processes of colonisation and subsequent community development by plants in the Antarctic. Biological changes that have been associated with climate change are visible in the form of expansions in range and local population numbers amongst elements of the flora. Environmental manipulation experiments further demonstrate the possibility of large and rapid species and community responses to climate amelioration, with many resident biota responding positively, at least in the absence of increased competition from exotic colonists. Manipulation studies are also starting to elucidate more subtle responses to climate changes, at levels ranging from cell biochemistry to habitat and food web structure. Integrating such subtle responses is vital to improving our ability to understand the consequences of climate change, as these may lead to much greater consequential impacts on communities and ecosystems.

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“…Biodiversity information from Antarctic terrestrial habitats is important for estimating the effects of environmental change on Antarctic ecosystems [1,2], conservation management in light of increasing threats from nonindigenous invasive species [3], and investigations on the historic effect of glacial constraints on the evolution of Antarctic biotas over millions of years [4]. Undertaking such biodiversity research in terrestrial Antarctica is challenging due to the logistics of accessing remote locations in a harsh environment [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ground-truthing Phylotype Assignments for Antarctic Invertebrates

Czechowski¹,

Clarke²,

Cooper³

et al. 2017

DNA Barcodes

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taxonomy determination did not outperform metabarcoding approaches. Our study demonstrates how barcoding markers can be tested prior to their application to specific taxonomic groups, and that taxonomy fidelity of markers needs to be validated in relation to environment, taxa, and available reference information. Keywords:environmental DNA, metataxonomic, mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I, COI, 18S rDNA, Illumina, 454, biodiversity survey IntroductionBiodiversity information from Antarctic terrestrial habitats is important for estimating the effects of environmental change on Antarctic ecosystems [1,2], conservation management in light of increasing threats from nonindigenous invasive species [3], and investigations on the historic effect of glacial constraints on the evolution of Antarctic biotas over millions of years [4]. Undertaking such biodiversity research in terrestrial Antarctica is challenging due to the logistics of accessing remote locations in a harsh environment [5]. In recent years, biodiversity information for terrestrial Antarctic plant life has improved due to compilation of occurrence records from smaller-scale studies into easily accessible databases, and may in the future be easier to obtain through remote sensing technology [6,7]. However, the distribution and diversity of Antarctic invertebrates remains understudied [8,9] despite their important role in nutrient cycling and soil formation [10].Deficient biodiversity information for terrestrial Antarctic invertebrates is caused by the persistence of slow and inefficient survey methods. Antarctic springtails, mites, tardigrades, nematodes and rotifers are morphologically conserved, but still frequently analyzed with morphological approaches, requiring highly skilled taxonomists -time required to identify such invertebrates can be considered inversely proportional to their size [11][12][13][14]. Not reliant on morphological identification, DNA- Abstract: Biodiversity information from Antarctic terrestrial habitats helps conservation efforts, but the distribution and diversity particularly of microinvertebrates remains poorly understood. Springtails, mites, tardigrades, nematodes and rotifers are difficult to identify using morphological features, hence DNAbased metabarcoding methods are well suited for their study. We compared taxonomy assignments of a high throughput sequencing metabarcoding approach using one ribosomal DNA (18S rDNA) and one mitochondrial DNA (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I -COI) marker with morphological reference data. Specifically, we compared metabarcoding or morphological taxonomic assignments on multiple taxonomic levels in an artificial DNA blend containing Australian invertebrates, and in seven extracts of Antarctic soils containing known micro-faunal taxa. Avoiding arbitrary application of metabarcoding analysis parameters, we calibrated those parameters with metabarcoding data from non-Antarctic soils. Metabarcoding approaches employing 18S rDNA and COI markers enabled detection of small and cryptic Antarctic i...

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Low-Diversity Antarctic Soil Nematode Communities: Distribution and Response to Disturbance

Cited by 60 publications

References 0 publications

Soil phosphorus cycling in an Antarctic polar desert

Soil phosphorus cycling in an Antarctic polar desert

Responses of terrestrial Antarctic ecosystems to climate change

Ground-truthing Phylotype Assignments for Antarctic Invertebrates

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