Low-dimensional material based wearable sensors

Abstract

Wearable sensors are believed to be the most important part of the Internet of Things. In order to meet the application requirements, low-dimensional materials such as graphene and carbon nanotubes have been attempted to constitute wearable sensors with high performance. Our discussions in this review include the different low-dimensional material based sensors which are employed in wearable applications. Low-dimensional materials based wearable sensors for detecting various physical quantities in surroundings, including temperature sensor, pressure or strain sensor and humidity sensor, is introduced. The primary objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of research status and future development direction of low-dimensional materials based wearable sensors. Challenges for developing commercially low-dimensional namomaterials based wearable sensors are highlighted as well.

Towards hospital-on-chip supported by 2D MXenes-based 5th generation intelligent biosensors

“…Whereas, for molecular biology, this is the quickest way of PCR detection by testing the excellent speed μ-scale thermal shift. Due to this, DNA array can be detected more than a million times rapid genome arrangement ( Chakraborty et al, 2018 ; Dwivedi et al, 2021 ; Ho et al, 2021 ; Lei et al, 2019 ; Naguib et al, 2021 ; Novoselov et al, 2004 ; Patel et al, 2016 ; Solanki et al, 2011 ; Wu et al, 2022 ; H. Zhang et al, 2022 ). However, this generation's sensors are unable to incorporate present-day intelligent technological advancements and innovations.…”

“…The first concern related to 5th generation biosensors is catered by architecting advanced functional nanoplatforms and engineering their physicochemical attributes. Recently, two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, including graphene and its derivatives, metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes), metal borides (MBenes), metal-organic framework, metal dichalcogenides and borophene, due to their high specific surface area have emerged as excellent biosensing platforms with enhanced detection and monitoring efficacies ( Ahmed et al, 2020 ; Chakraborty et al, 2018 ; Chaudhary et al, 2022e , 2022a ; Dwivedi et al, 2021 ; Ho et al, 2021 ; Huang et al, 2020 ; Jiang et al, 2020 ; Naguib et al, 2021 ; Wu et al, 2022 ; Zha et al, 2019 ; H. Zhang et al, 2022 ) Amongst all, MXenes have demonstrated enormous potential in detecting and monitoring the diversified biomolecules utilizing various strategies, encompassing electrical, electronic, electrochemical, optical, acoustic and plasmonic modules ( Chaudhary et al, 2022a , 2022c , 2022e ; Sheth et al, 2022 ). It is attributed to the high effective surface area, tunable physicochemical attributes, and rich surface functionalities of MXenes, which contribute to enhanced monitoring performances.…”

“…The two-dimensional substances are usually thin atomic mono-layers of 5–10 nm thickness or a few numbers of thin layers coupled by van-der Waals (vdW) interactions ( Dwivedi et al, 2021 ). Due to its linear electronic dispersion, graphene and its distinct forms, such as reduced graphene oxide (rGO), graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and graphene oxide (GO), have been the most thoroughly investigated 2D materials to date, with substantial progress toward commercialization ( Wu et al, 2022 ; H. Zhang et al, 2022 ). However, in 2D materials, where vdW forces may segregate an atomically thin layer from bulk material, they are only the tip of the iceberg.…”

Additive Manufacturing of Electrically Conductive Nanocomposites Filled with Carbon Nanotubes

“…[ 12 ] More specifically, CNTs can be employed as conductive fillers for the fabrication of electrically conductive systems, such as sensors, organic capacitors, and transistors. [ 13 ] Their high aspect ratio and high surface area guarantee low percolation concentrations with respect to traditional conductive fillers (such as carbon black and carbon fibers). [ 14 ]…”

“…[12] More specifically, CNTs can be employed as conductive fillers for the fabrication of electrically conductive systems, such as sensors, organic capacitors, and transistors. [13] Their high aspect ratio and high surface area guarantee low percolation concentrations with respect to traditional conductive fillers (such as carbon black and carbon fibers). [14] Different acrylic resins filled with CNTs have been investigated due to the possibility to be directly printed through extrusion-based 3D printing and vat photopolymerization processes.…”