Low-dimensional catalysts for hydrogen evolution and CO2 reduction

Voiry, Damien; Shin, Hyeon Suk; Loh, Kian Ping; Chhowalla, Manishkumar

doi:10.1038/s41570-017-0105

Cited by 701 publications

(506 citation statements)

References 185 publications

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“…[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Great efforts have been also devoted to preparing nanoscale MOF crystals with controllable size and morphology, in order to achieve enhanced performance in certain applications. [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] Since the discovery of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the early 1990s, 1D nanostructures, such as nanowires, nanotubes, and nanorods, have been extensively investigated because of their unique geometrical and electronic characteristics. [25][26][27][28][29] Low-dimensional (LD) nanomaterials are of particular interest due to their anisotropic-tunable properties, which greatly influence their performances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Engineering of Low‐Dimensional Metal–Organic Frameworks: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

et al. 2019

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Low‐dimensional metal–organic frameworks (LD MOFs) have attracted increasing attention in recent years, which successfully combine the unique properties of MOFs, e.g., large surface area, tailorable structure, and uniform cavity, with the distinctive physical and chemical properties of LD nanomaterials, e.g., high aspect ratio, abundant accessible active sites, and flexibility. Significant progress has been made in the morphological and structural regulation of LD MOFs in recent years. It is still of great significance to further explore the synthetic principles and dimensional‐dependent properties of LD MOFs. In this review, recent progress in the synthesis of LD MOF‐based materials and their applications are summarized, with an emphasis on the distinctive advantages of LD MOFs over their bulk counterparties. First, the unique physical and chemical properties of LD MOF‐based materials are briefly introduced. Synthetic strategies of various LD MOFs, including 1D MOFs, 2D MOFs, and LD MOF‐based composites, as well as their derivatives, are then summarized. Furthermore, the potential applications of LD MOF‐based materials in catalysis, energy storage, gas adsorption and separation, and sensing are introduced. Finally, challenges and opportunities of this fascinating research field are proposed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Engineering of Low‐Dimensional Metal–Organic Frameworks: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

et al. 2019

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“…Briefly, 1 g of graphite powder and 0.5 g of NaNO 3 were mixed together, followed by an addition of 23 ml of H 2 SO 4 (95%) and left for stirring (1 h). The solution was cooled down, and 3 g of KMnO 4 was gradually added to the suspension to prevent the risk of overheat and explosion. The mixture was stirred at 35°C for 12 h. Next, it was diluted with 500 ml of DI-H 2 O under stirring and 4.6 ml of H 2 O 2 (30%) was added to complete the reaction.…”

Section: Graphene Oxide Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depending on building material, strength of the bonds between forming particles/rods/sheets and presence of the dopants in the porous matrix, aerogels can be applied as adsorbents [2], filters [3], catalysts [4,5] or sensors [5,6]. Among the others, graphene oxide (GO) is one of the most interesting building materials for aerogel structures [7], which thanks to the high specific surface area and threedimensional structure can be applied as electrodes in supercapacitors [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterization of partially reduced graphene oxide aerogels doped with transition metal ions

et al. 2018

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This work presents the preparation and characterization of pristine and transition metal doped partially reduced graphene oxide aerogels. The step-by-step preparation of aerogels from graphene oxide with an assistance of VCl 3 , CrCl 3 , FeCl 2 Á4H 2 O, CoCl 2 , NiCl 2 and CuCl 2 chlorides as reducing agents is shown and explained. The influence of reducing agents on the structural and magnetic properties of prepared aerogels is investigated. The use of electron paramagnetic resonance in purification during synthesis of GO and characterization afterwards is shown. It was found that VCl 3 was the strongest reducing agent leading to the formation of the most dense reduced graphene oxide aerogel, whereas vanadium is visible in EPR spectrum in form of V 4? complex as a VO 2?groups.

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“…[1][2][3][4][5] Water splitting using sunlight, based on the aforementioned technologies provides an appealing approach to convert and store abundant yet intermittent solar energy into storable, Over the past decades, diverse technologies such as photovoltaics, photosynthesis, and photothermal conversion have been developed.…”

Section: Electrocatalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[15,16] Still, further efficiency improvement can be expected since the overall efficiency of electrochemical splitting of water is hindered by the inherent thermodynamics and sluggish kinetics, including high overpotential, low current density, and moderate energetic efficiency. [1][2][3][4][5] Water splitting using sunlight, based on the aforementioned technologies provides an appealing approach to convert and store abundant yet intermittent solar energy into storable, [23][24][25][26][27][28] Rationally, capitalizing the full potential of solar energy, beyond the limitation of UV light excitation, that are not absorbed by photo catalyst or photovoltaic cells for water splitting will undoubtedly augment the efficiency to further accelerate technological deployment.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Hybrid Solar Absorber–Electrocatalytic N‐Doped Carbon/Alloy/Semiconductor Electrode for Localized Photothermic Electrocatalysis

et al. 2019

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and transportable renewable hydrogen fuel and valuable chemical feedstock. In view of this notion, photochemical, photoelectrochemical, and photovoltaic-driven electrochemical catalytic hydrogen and oxygen evolution are extensively studied. [6][7][8][9][10] Though photocatalysis involves direct conversion, it suffers from low solar energy absorption and conversion efficiency, the use of sacrificial agents, slow reaction rate, and instability. [11][12][13][14] To overcome these obstacles, photoelectrochemical strategy is explored as it holds the promise of a more efficient means. [14] Even that, it is hampered by the adversaries of semiconductor catalysts selection, photoelectrode preparation, limited spectral absorption, unsatisfactory reactivity and solar conversion efficiency. [13] Then, a roundabout way of photovoltaic-driven electrochemical water splitting via alkaline water electrolyzers was considered. [10,15] The technology can achieve a solar conversion efficiency over 15%, which is highly competitive, let alone the benefits of program controllability, sustainable productivity, and system upgradability with cheaper and more efficient photovoltaic cells. [15,16] Still, further efficiency improvement can be expected since the overall efficiency of electrochemical splitting of water is hindered by the inherent thermodynamics and sluggish kinetics, including high overpotential, low current density, and moderate energetic efficiency. [17][18][19][20][21][22] Despite immense efforts in designing various composition and structure to optimize the intrinsic activity of catalysts, the progress remains insufficient.Recently, supplementing thermal energy to perform catalytic conversion and vaporize water to surpass the conventional performances is attracting more attention. [23][24][25][26][27][28] Rationally, capitalizing the full potential of solar energy, beyond the limitation of UV light excitation, that are not absorbed by photo catalyst or photovoltaic cells for water splitting will undoubtedly augment the efficiency to further accelerate technological deployment. Hence the introduction of photothermal energy to electrochemical reaction can be a feasible pathway to facilitate enhanced solar energy conversion to chemical fuels. However, the biggest challenge lies in the discordant solar absorber electrode and electrolytic cell design. Typically, the catalyst is constructed in a form of film electrode, infiltrated Converting and storing intermittent solar energy into stable chemical fuels of high efficiency depend crucially on harvesting excess energy beyond the conventional ultraviolet light spectrum. The means of applying highly efficient solar-thermal conversion on practical electricity-driven water splitting could be a significant stride toward this goal, while some bottlenecks remain unresolved. Herein, photothermic electrocatalytic oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions are proposed, which bestow a distinctive exothermic activation and electrochemical reactivity in a reconstructed electrolyzer system, and ...

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Low-dimensional catalysts for hydrogen evolution and CO2 reduction

Cited by 701 publications

References 185 publications

Structural Engineering of Low‐Dimensional Metal–Organic Frameworks: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

Structural Engineering of Low‐Dimensional Metal–Organic Frameworks: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

Preparation and characterization of partially reduced graphene oxide aerogels doped with transition metal ions

A Hybrid Solar Absorber–Electrocatalytic N‐Doped Carbon/Alloy/Semiconductor Electrode for Localized Photothermic Electrocatalysis

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