Low density thermoplastic nanofoams nucleated by nanoparticles

Costeux, Stéphane; Zhu, Lingbo

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2013.03.052

Cited by 128 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…As the particle content increases these aggregates look larger and appear more often in the images; however, this fact cannot be showed in the images since the aggregates are small and not very numerous in any case, so it is not possible to show a collection of them in the same image. This result is expected in nanocomposites: as the particle content increases, so does the probability of interaction between particles and thus the number and size of the aggregates [17,48].…”

Section: Cellular Structurementioning

confidence: 76%

“…The pressure drop rates in these experiments were 15 MPa/s, 56 MPa/s and 100 MPa/s, respectively. For this study, foaming has been [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] carried out at 80°C during 2 min. Secondly the effect of the foaming temperature has been analysed by fixing the saturation pressure to 10 MPa, varying the foaming temperature from 80°C to 110°C, keeping, once again, 2 min as foaming time.…”

Section: Gas Dissolution Foaming Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This trend is a consequence of the plasticization effect of the CO 2 : when the gas diffuses into a polymer, the glass transition temperature drops [49][50][51][52], and the polymer is now characterized by its effective glass transition temperature, T g,eff . The temperature difference between the foaming temperature and the T g,eff determines the relative [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] density obtained, because once the T g,eff reaches the temperature of the thermal bath the polymer is no longer in the rubbery state and has no mobility to grow. At a higher pressure, the T g,eff of the polymer is smaller because of the plasticization effect of a higher amount of CO 2 .…”

Section: Cellular Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the addition of this second phase heterogeneous nucleation starts to play an important role during the process [16]. Taking advantage of heterogeneous nucleation, nanocellular polymers can be produced by using low saturation pressures and conventional saturation temperatures, as nucleation is mainly controlled by the disperse phase (nanoparticles [17,18] and/or secondary phases in nanostructured polymers [8,[19][20][21]) and not by the amount of gas dissolved into the sample. Besides, the use of a second phase to promote nucleation can help to obtain a more uniform cell size distribution [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The addition of a 5 wt% of these particles reduced the pore size from the micro (1.62 μm) to the nanometric range (660 nm). Costeux et al [17] enhanced the cell nucleation density three orders of magnitude by adding silica nanoparticles to a PMMA matrix. With filler contents below 0.5 wt% nanocellular materials with cell sizes of 100 nm and cell densities exceeding 10 16 cells/cm 3 were obtained.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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PMMA-sepiolite nanocomposites as new promising materials for the production of nanocellular polymers

Bernardo

León

Laguna‐Gutiérrez

et al. 2017

European Polymer Journal

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A B S T R A C TIn this work, a new system based on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) sepiolite nanocomposites that allow producing nanocellular polymers by using the gas dissolution foaming technique is described. Nanocomposites with different nanoparticle types and contents have been produced by extrusion. From these blends, cellular materials have been fabricated using the so-called gas dissolution foaming method. An extensive study of the effect of the processing parameters (saturation pressure and foaming temperature) on the cellular materials produced has been performed. Results showed that among the three sepiolites used, only those modified with a quaternary ammonium salt are suitable for being used as nucleating agents in PMMA. With these nanoparticles bimodal cellular polymers, with micro and nanometric cells, have been produced. Cell sizes in the range of 300-500 nm and cell densities of the order of 10 13 -10 14 nuclei/cm 3 have been obtained in the nanocellular region. A foaming temperature of 80°C and a wide range of saturation pressures (between 10 and 30 MPa) and low particle contents (between 0.5 and 1.5 wt%) allow obtaining these materials. Furthermore, it has been found that cell size in the nanometric population can be controlled by means of the particles content; a reduction in the cell size is obtained when the particles content increases. Finally, results indicate that an increase in the foaming temperature leads to cellular nanocomposites with lower relative densities (below 0.21) and larger cell sizes (above 450 nm).

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Section: Cellular Structurementioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Gas Dissolution Foaming Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cellular Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

PMMA-sepiolite nanocomposites as new promising materials for the production of nanocellular polymers

Bernardo

León

Laguna‐Gutiérrez

et al. 2017

European Polymer Journal

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Polymeric Foams

Ruiz‐Herrero

Estravís

Rodríguez‐Pérez

2017

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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Polymeric foams are natural‐like light materials that are widely used owing to a combination of exceptional properties and low cost compared with similar materials. Furthermore, tailoring the physical properties of these foams, and the environmental benefits of replacing solid plastics, are important factors contributing to their growing market share. This article covers the fundamental aspects of structure, properties, production, and applications of polymeric foams. Current trends in material development and related challenges are also discussed.

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Microcellular Plastics

Wong

Guo

Kumar

et al. 2016

Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology

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Microcellular plastics are typically thermoplastic polymers with a large number (∼billions per cm3) of tiny bubbles (of the order of 10 μm in diameter). Their densities can range from 3% to 95% of the solid polymer depending on the volume taken by the bubbles (which are denoted as cells in this paper). In general, microcellular plastics exhibit superior impact strength, toughness, fatigue life, thermal stability, dielectric strength, thermal and acoustical insulation performance, as well as optical properties, relatively to the solid counterparts. Other advantages of microcellular plastics include higher productivity due to its faster processing times and sink‐mark free injection‐molded parts with no residual stress and high dimensional stability. Owing to these unique properties, there are a large number of applications of microcellular plastics, particularly in automotive industries. This article summarizes the science and technology of microcellular plastics. To be specific, their history, science (ie, generation of polymer–gas solution, cell nucleation, growth, deterioration and stabilization), solid‐state processing technologies, continuous processing technologies (ie, extrusion and injection molding), design guidelines of each processing technologies, as well as the properties and application of microcellular plastics, are discussed in detail.

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Low density thermoplastic nanofoams nucleated by nanoparticles

Cited by 128 publications

References 23 publications

PMMA-sepiolite nanocomposites as new promising materials for the production of nanocellular polymers

PMMA-sepiolite nanocomposites as new promising materials for the production of nanocellular polymers

Polymeric Foams

Microcellular Plastics

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