Low-Density Steels: Complex Metallurgy for Automotive Applications

Zuazo, Ian; Hallstedt, Bengt; Lindahl, Bonnie; Selleby, Malin; Soler, Michel; Etienne, Auriane; Perlade, Astrid; Hasenpouth, D.; Massardier-Jourdan, Véronique; Cazottes, Sophie; Kléber, Xavier

doi:10.1007/s11837-014-1084-y

Cited by 95 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Their microstructure comprises martensite and ferrite with finely precipitated globular κ‐phase within the ferritic grains (Figure c) (white phase: martensite, brown phase: ferrite). The small precipitates act as obstacles to the dislocations and thus increase the initial strain‐hardening rate as reported by and …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…The benefit of Al alloying of bearing steels is seen in the formation of small, globular, homogeneously distributed k-phase in addition to the hard (Fe,Cr) 3 C precipitates. If interactions between k-phase precipitates and dislocations may be enabled as reported, [9,10,19] high microplastic zones with local strainhardening potential can form at local stress rises and thus the crack initiation may be delayed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

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On the Microstructure and Properties of a High Al-Alloyed 100Cr6 Steel

Bambach�

Stieben

Bleck

2015

steel research int.

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Macroscopic failure of high-performance components such as the bearings in a gearbox of wind converters is usually caused by effects occurring on a microscopic scale, e.g., crack initiation at non-metallic inclusions. Failure of these components leads to high maintenance costs. This work focuses on modifying the chemical composition of the standard bearing steel 100Cr6 in order to increase its strain-hardening potential, and thus its damage tolerance while maintaining the degree of cleanliness. Al alloying is used to adjust a suitable combination of strengthening mechanisms. Dilatometric and metallographic analyses are performed to identify the phase transformation behavior and the microstructure constituents of the designed alloy. Special attention is paid to the formation and morphology of the k-phase, a Fe 3 AlC-phase which contributes to the strainhardening potential of the material. The mechanical properties are determined at several heat-treatment states and compared to the ones of conventional 100Cr6 steel. It is shown that the k-phase may be used for tailoring the strain-hardening potential during local plastic deformation, and thus reduce stress concentrations at inclusions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

On the Microstructure and Properties of a High Al-Alloyed 100Cr6 Steel

Bambach�

Stieben

Bleck

2015

steel research int.

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“…1.8550 (about 1% Al). High MnAl steels (such as 20Mn23AlV, 23%Mn, 2%Al) [2] are used for electrical purposes and, in recent years, the prospect of producing lower density steels for the automotive industry through the use of significant additions of aluminum has been the subject of many studies [3,4]. Aluminum usage for deoxidation in typical flat steel products mill making "standard" steels ranges from 1.3 to 2kg/t , which represents a significant part of the alloy addition costs [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Desoxidação Do Ferro Por Alumínio: Uma Breve Revisão Dos Dados Experimentais E Descrições Termodinâmicas

Silva¹,

Avillez²,

Neto³

2018

ABM Proceedings

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ResumoO sistema ferro-oxigênio alumino tem sido investigado há muitos anos em função de sua importância para a indústria do aço. Uma grande fração de todo o aço plano produzido é de aço de baixo carbono acalmado ao alumínio, não apenas pelo baixo conteúdo de oxigênio residual em solução que pode ser obtido mas, também, pela importância do alumínio residual na formação de AlN, ferramenta importante no controle de estrutura e textura obtidas. O sistema Fe-O é relativamente bem compreendido e quantificado, da mesma forma que o sistema Fe-Al. Entretanto, há discrepâncias significativas na quantificação do comportamento do sistema Fe-Al-O havendo, ainda, bastante controvérsia com respeito a equilíbrios importantes. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é (a) realizar uma revisão crítica dos experimentos e avaliações termodinâmicas principalmente do equilíbrio Al-Fe-O-Al2O3 (b) avaliar os métodos atualmente usados para descrever este equilíbrio e (c) apresentar recomendações sobre os dados, com base em sua confiabilidade e consistência. Palavras-chave: Aço; Desoxidação; Sistema Fe-Al-O; Termodinâmica, CALPHAD LIQUID IRON DEOXIDATION BY ALUMINUM: A BRIEF REVIEW OF EXPERIMENTAL DATA AND THERMODYNAMIC DESCRIPTION AbstractThe iron-oxygen-aluminum equilibrium has been a subject of interest for many years for its importance in the steel industry. A great percentage of all flat rolled steel is aluminum killed "AK" (deoxidized) low-carbon steel, not only because of the low soluble oxygen contents that can be achieved but also because of the importance of the residual aluminum in forming aluminum nitride that is one of the main tools used to achieve crystallographic texture adequate for forming. The behavior of oxygen in liquid iron is relatively well understood and quantified, as is the behavior of aluminum in iron. Nonetheless, the Fe-Al-O system is not fully understood and considerable controversy still prevails. Thus, the objectives of this work is (a) to critically review the experimental work and assessments performed mainly of the Al-Fe-O-Al2O3 equilibrium, (b) to evaluate the current models used to describe this equilibrium and (c) to present a recommendation of the data, based on its reliability and consistency.

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“…Recently, low density steels, which may have high potential for future automotive applications, have been designed with important aluminium additions obtaining density reductions of 8-10% or higher in comparison with low carbon steels. 1) Latest achievements of the investigation on the fundamentals of processing, phase transformations and microstructure development, deformation characteristics and mechanisms of strengthening, effects of alloying elements, thermodynamics of high Al-containing steels, and alloy development has been briefly reviewed by R. Rana.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%