Low density rigid polyurethane foam incorporated with renewable polyol as sustainable thermal insulation material

Adnan, Srihanum; Noor, Maznee Ti Tuan; Devi, Kosheela P. P.; Hoong, Seng Soi; Ain, Nurul H; Mohd, Norhisham S; Din, Nik Siti Mariam Nek Mat; Kian, Yeong Shoot

doi:10.1177/0021955x211062630

Cited by 13 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…The developed material fulfills well with insulation standards, with a thermal conductivity of 0.0212 W/(m•K), a specific surface area of 920 m 2 /g, a density of 0.109 g/cm 3 , a porosity of 95.05 percent, and a super hydrophobic and mesoporous structure. Srihanum et al [20] developed low-density rigid polyurethane foam incorporated with renewable polyol. Palm olein-based polyol (PP) was employed as a partial substitute for conventional sucrose/glycerin-initiated polyether polyol (GP).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Date Palm Surface Fibers for Green Thermal Insulation

et al. 2022

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Some of the major challenges of the twenty-first century include the continued increase in energy consumption and environmental pollution. One approach to overcoming these challenges is to increase the use of waste materials and environmentally friendly manufacturing methods. The high energy consumption in the building sector contributes significantly to global climatic changes. Here, by using date palm surface fibers, a high-performance green insulation material was developed via a simple technique that did not rely on any toxic ingredients. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was used as a binding agent. Four insulation samples were made, each with a different density within the range of 203 to 254 kg/m3. Thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity values for these four green insulators were 0.038–0.051 and 0.137–0.147 mm2/s, respectively. Thermal transmittance (U−value) of the four insulation composites was between 3.8–5.1 , which was in good comparison to other insulators of similar thickness. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that insulating sample have excellent thermal stability, with an initial degradation temperature of 282 °C, at which just 6% of its original weight is lost. Activation energy () analysis revealed the fire-retardancy and weakened combustion characteristics for the prepared insulation composite. According to differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements, the insulating sample has a melting point of 225 °C, which is extremely close to the melting point of the binder. The fiber-based insulating material’s composition was confirmed by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The ultimate tensile range of the insulation material is 6.9–10 MPa, being a reasonable range. Our study’s findings suggest that developing insulation materials from date palm waste is a promising technique for developing green and low-cost alternatives to petroleum-based high-cost and toxic insulating materials. These insulation composites can be installed in building envelopes during construction.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Date Palm Surface Fibers for Green Thermal Insulation

et al. 2022

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“…For calibration, using a gas syringe, different volumes of PBA (20, 30, 50, 70, and100 μL), CO 2 (10,20,30, and 50 μL), and N 2 (10,20,30,50,70, and 100 μL) were injected into the gas chromatograph, and according to the obtained data, the calibration graphs were constructed. Quantification of oxygen was performed from the data of the nitrogen calibration graph by introducing a coefficient.…”

Section: Characterization Of Foam Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thermal conductivity of bio-based PU polymer is reported to be within the range of values for conventional, petrochemical resources-based PU . Hence, the initial thermal conductivity of bio-based PU foams should be competitive with that of conventional ones provided that foam density, morphology, and the PBA used are comparable; see refs – . However, retaining a high long-term thermal resistance of foams implies slowing the transport of PBA out of foams.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effect of Crosslink Density on Thermal Aging of Bio-Based Rigid Low-Density Closed-Cell Polyurethane Foams

Kirpļuks

Godiņa

Švajdlenková

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Gradual replacement of the traditional raw materials in polyurethane (PU) synthesis by bio-based ones and introduction of environmentally friendly physical blowing agents (PBAs) motivate the analysis of thermal aging of bio-based foams in order to optimize the chemical structure of the PU matrix so that its permeability to PBA is minimized. With the aim of elucidating the effect of the PU chemical structure on thermal aging of foams, rigid low-density closed-cell PU foams were produced solely from bio-based polyols. The effective diffusivities of PBA and atmospheric gasses were evaluated based on the measured thermal conductivity aging of foams and validated by gas chromatography measurements of gas composition in foam cells. Gas permeability of the PU polymer was estimated based on effective diffusivity in foams and foam morphology and found to decrease with increasing crosslink density, apparently due to reduction in the fractional free volume in the polymers.

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“…78,79 RPUF is substantially used in the heat insulation industry due to its low thermal conductivity. 80 Thermal insulation is related to the lowering of heat flux that penetrates through the material. 81,82 PU is categorized as multiblock copolymers, consisting of alternate segments (hard and soft) connected in succession by covalent (urethane or urethane-urea) bonds.…”

Section: Properties and Preparation Of Rigid Polyurethanementioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging trends in flame retardancy of rigid polyurethane foam and its composites: A review

Raji

Hambali

Khan

et al. 2022

Journal of Cellular Plastics

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Owing to the superior thermal insulating attributes of rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) compared to other insulating materials (expanded and extruded polystyrene, mineral wool), it remains the most dominant insulating material and most studied polymer foam. Like other polyurethane foam, RPUF is highly flammable, necessitating the incorporation of flame retardants (FR) during production to lower combustibility, promoting its continuous use as insulation material in construction, transportation, and others. The popular approaches for correcting the high flammability of RPUF are copolymerization and blending (with FR). The second method has proven to be most effective as there are limited trade-offs in RPUF properties. Meanwhile, the high flammability of RPUF is still a significant hindrance in emerging applications (sensors, space travel, and others), and this has continuously inspired research in the flame retardancy of RPUF. In this study, properties, and preparation methods of RPUF are described, factors responsible for the high flammability of PUF are discussed, and flame retardancy of RPUF is thoroughly reviewed. Notably, most FR for RPUF are inorganic nanoparticles, lignin, intumescent FR systems of expandable graphite (EG), ammonium polyphosphate (APP), and hybridized APP or EG with other FR. These could be due to their ease of processing, low cost, and being environmentally benign. Elaborate discussion on RPUF FR mechanisms were also highlighted. Lastly, a summary and future perspectives in fireproofing RPUF are provided, which could inspire the design of new FR for RPUF.

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Low density rigid polyurethane foam incorporated with renewable polyol as sustainable thermal insulation material

Cited by 13 publications

References 50 publications

Date Palm Surface Fibers for Green Thermal Insulation

Date Palm Surface Fibers for Green Thermal Insulation

Effect of Crosslink Density on Thermal Aging of Bio-Based Rigid Low-Density Closed-Cell Polyurethane Foams

Emerging trends in flame retardancy of rigid polyurethane foam and its composites: A review

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