Low‐density resorcinol–formaldehyde aerogels for direct‐drive laser inertial confinement fusion targets

Hair, L.M.; Pekala, R.W.; Stone, Richard E.; Chen, C. C.; Buckley, Steven R.

doi:10.1116/1.575547

Cited by 34 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The development of low-density foam materials from a resorcinol-formaldehyde system was initiated in 1986 by Pekala at LLNL. 12 Results obtained by his group are very similar to ours. Development work is described in the Laser Program Annual Report 86P The foams are prom ising as target materials because of their very small cell size, estimated at about 0.1 /Jtn, which offers potentially greater DT-fili stability than PS foams.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Low-density hydrocarbon foams for laser fusion targets: Progress report, 1987

Haendler¹,

Buckley²,

Chen³

et al. 1988

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Low-density hydrocarbon foams for laser fusion targets: Progress report, 1987

Haendler¹,

Buckley²,

Chen³

et al. 1988

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“…The elsewhere reported long diffusion time and, hence, time-consuming solvent-gas exchange between solvent and CO 2 during supercritical drying [53] could not be confirmed by us. The complete drying procedure using supercritical CO 2 was completed within 48 hours.…”

Section: Synthesis Of the Aerogelscontrasting

confidence: 80%

Zirconia‐based Aerogels via Hydrolysis of Salts and Alkoxides: The Influence of the Synthesis Procedures on the Properties of the Aerogels

Schäfer

Brandt

Milow

et al. 2013

Chemistry An Asian Journal

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This contribution aims at evaluating different synthesis procedures leading to zirconia-based aerogels. A series of undoped and yttrium-doped zirconia aerogels have been prepared via hydrolysis and condensation reaction of different alkoxy- and different inorganic salt-based precursors followed by supercritical drying. Well-established but deleterious zirconium n-propoxide (TPOZ) or zirconium n-butoxide (TBOZ) were used as metal precursors in combination with acids like nitric acid and acetic acid as auxiliary agent for the generation of non-yttrium stabilized zirconia aerogels. Yttrium-stabilized zirconia aerogels as well as pure zirconia aerogels were obtained by the salt route starting from ZrCl4 and crosslinking agents like propylene oxide or acetylacetone. The characteristics of the products were analyzed by nitrogen adsorption measurements, electron microscopy, and X-ray scattering. It turned out that with respect to all relevant properties of the aerogels as well as the practicability of the synthesis procedures, approaches based on inexpensive non-toxic salt precursors are the methods of choice. The salt-based approaches allow not only for low-cost, easy-to-handle synthesis procedures with realizable gelation times of less than 60 seconds, but also delivered the products with the highest surface area (449 m(2) g(-1) for ZrCl4) within this series of syntheses.

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“…5,6 Organic gels are commonly prepared by the polycondensation of resorcinol (R) with formaldehyde (F). 7,8 These gels consist of cross-linked networks of a polymeric segments, and are thermosetting. They can also be pyrolyzed in an inert media to manufacture carbon gels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the first gel was produced by Kistler, 4 inorganic gels were studied widely in some fields, including thermal, optical, electronic, catalytic, and acoustic applications 5,6 . Organic gels are commonly prepared by the polycondensation of resorcinol (R) with formaldehyde (F) 7,8 . These gels consist of cross‐linked networks of a polymeric segments, and are thermosetting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using electric power to synthesize resorcinol‐formaldehyde gels with enhanced characteristics

Awadallah‐F

Al‐Muhtaseb

2020

Int J Energy Res

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A novel electrochemical approach was introduced for crosslinking resorcinolformaldehyde (RF) gels at room temperature without utilizing a catalyst or a buffer. The electrochemically cross-linked gels and their subsequent activated carbons exhibited enhanced physical properties. They were characterized via different methods such as scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and surface area and porosity analyzer. The gels prepared with this novel approach range from dark red to deep yellow in color; and consist of different particle sizes depending on the used voltage. FTIR spectra showed that the gels prepared with the novel and conventional methods have identical chemical identities. However, the RF gels prepared with the novel approach of synthesis expose more controllable properties such as pore structure, surface area, particle size, etc, than those prepared with the conventional method, which makes them easier to design for different applications. The corresponding activated carbons showed higher surface areas and narrower micropore distributions that can be varied easily with voltage, which is a key factor in this work as a controlling parameter. Consequently, the approach of crosslinking gels with electric power is important for the controlled preparation of many new and nontraditional cross-linked gels for various applications.

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Low‐density resorcinol–formaldehyde aerogels for direct‐drive laser inertial confinement fusion targets

Cited by 34 publications

References 0 publications

Low-density hydrocarbon foams for laser fusion targets: Progress report, 1987

Low-density hydrocarbon foams for laser fusion targets: Progress report, 1987

Zirconia‐based Aerogels via Hydrolysis of Salts and Alkoxides: The Influence of the Synthesis Procedures on the Properties of the Aerogels

Using electric power to synthesize resorcinol‐formaldehyde gels with enhanced characteristics

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