Low-delay peer-to-peer streaming using scalable video coding

Abstract

Abstract-Peer-to-peer (P2P) networks represent a valuable architecture for streaming video over the Internet. In these systems, users contribute their resources to relay the media to others and no dedicated infrastructure is required. In order to ensure a low end-to-end delay, P2P overlay networks are often organized as a set of complementary multicast trees. The source of the stream multiplexes the data on top of these trees and the routing of packets is statically defined. In this scenario, the reliability of the overlay links is critical for the performance of the system since temporary link failure or network congestion can cause a significant disruption of the end-user quality. The novel Scalable Video Coding (SVC) standard enables efficient usage of the network capacity by allowing intermediate high capacity nodes in the overlay network to dynamically extract layers from the scalable bit stream to serve less capable peers. On the other hand, SVC incurs a certain loss in terms of coding efficiency with respect to H.264/AVC single-layer coding. We propose a simple model that allows to evaluate the trade-off of using a scalable codec with respect to single-layer coding, given the distribution of the receivers' capacities in an error-free network. We also report experimental results obtained by using SVC on top of a real-time implementation of the Stanford Peer-to-Peer Multicast (SPPM) protocol that clearly show the benefits of a prioritization mechanism to react to network congestion.

Quality Adaptation in P2P Video Streaming Based on Objective QoE Metrics

“…A number of researchers have investigated the general applicability of multi-layer video coding and especially SVC to P2P video streaming [6,14]. Others proposed concrete SVC-based systems to address specialized issues, such as low start-up or streaming delays, or smooth video playback, while trying to assure a minimum video quality [3,12,16]. In contrast to the approach presented in this paper, none of these works considers QoE characteristics of the content.…”

An architecture for federated video processing and online streaming

“…Even though some of the existing analytical models for P2P streaming (e.g. [10] [11]) consider system level design issues, so far none of the studies have formulated a tractable analytical model to find the optimum overlay considering resource utilization and peer heterogeneity.…”

“…To address this issue, we formulated the Integer Linear Programming problem 8 [online] http //en wikipedia org/wiki/Karmarkar's_algonthm 9 [online] www cplex com 10 [online] http //sbsi-sol optimize com/asp/sol_product_minos htm 11 [online] www ampl com 104 based model m order to find the optimal overlay and to compare the results found from optimal overlay m terms of resource utilization with the heunstic approach. In Figure 37 and Figure 38, a companson of the smgle parent approach with the theoretical optimal overlay is presented.…”

Improving P2P live-content delivery using SVC

“…The approach of using SVC in ALM has been already presented in [7], where it is used for supporting heterogeneous devices and coping with congestion between overlay peers. In this work, we extend the use of SVC in order to cope with outages during overlay repair operations.…”