Low-crosstalk WDM by Bragg diffraction from thermally fixed reflection holograms in lithium niobate

Breer, S.; Vogt, H.; Nee, I.; Buse, K.

doi:10.1049/el:19981686

Cited by 56 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…͓DOI: 10.1063/1.1380247͔ Photorefractive LiNbO 3 :Fe crystals have been of intense interest in the fields of holographic data storage [1][2][3][4] and narrow-band wavelength filters for optical telecommunications. [5][6][7][8] Photorefractive volume phase gratings can be produced in electro-optic materials by redistribution of excited carriers in the presence of light. One of the most important issues is the dark decay due to the dark conductivity.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ionic and electronic dark decay of holograms in LiNbO3:Fe crystals

Yang

Nee

Buse

et al. 2001

Applied Physics Letters

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The lifetimes of nonfixed holograms in LiNbO 3 :Fe crystals with doping levels of 0.05, 0.138, and 0.25 wt % Fe 2 O 3 have been measured in the temperature range from 30 to 180°C. The time constants of the dark decay of holograms stored in crystals with doping levels of 0.05 and 0.25 wt % Fe 2 O 3 obey an Arrhenius-type dependence on absolute temperature T, but yield two activation energies: 1.0 and 0.28 eV, respectively. For these crystals, two different dark decay mechanisms are prevailing, one of which is identified as proton compensation and the other is due to electron tunneling between sites of Fe 2ϩ and Fe 3ϩ . The dark decay of holograms stored in crystals with the doping level of 0.138 wt % Fe 2 O 3 is the result of a combination of both effects.

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confidence: 99%

Ionic and electronic dark decay of holograms in LiNbO3:Fe crystals

Yang

Nee

Buse

et al. 2001

Applied Physics Letters

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“…Lithium niobate (LiNbO 3 ) is one of the most promising photorefractive materials for applications like wavelength filters 1 and holographic data storage. 2 The photorefractive effect is based upon the buildup of inhomogeneous space-charge fields under an inhomogeneous illumination with light.…”

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confidence: 99%

Photorefractive properties of lithium and copper in-diffused lithium niobate crystals

et al. 2002

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Near-stoichiometric copper-doped lithium niobate crystals are fabricated by in-diffusion of thin layers of evaporated copper and a subsequent vapor transport equilibration treatment. The crystals are heated in a Li-rich atmosphere to increase the Li content. To determine the photorefractive properties, holographic as well as electrical measurements are performed. Saturation values of the refractive-index changes ⌬n S , bulk photovoltaic current densities j phv , photoconductivities ph , and holographic sensitivities S are measured for light intensities up to 10 4 W/m 2 . Comparison with experimental data of congruent crystals indicates that the specific photoconductivity is 15 times larger after a vapor transport equilibration treatment. The specific bulk photovoltaic coefficient ␤* is 2 times larger, refractive-index changes are 7 times smaller, and the holographic sensitivity is up to 4 times larger.

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“…Iron-doped photorefractive lithium niobate crystals (LiNbO 3 :Fe) are recording materials that show potential for, e.g., holographic data storage, 1 holographic wavelength filters, 2 and diffractive optical elements for imaging systems. 3 Inhomogeneous illumination excites electrons from high intensity areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature dependence of absorption in photorefractive iron-doped lithium niobate crystals

Panotopoulos

Luennemann

Buse

2002

Journal of Applied Physics

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We present experimental data showing a significant dependence of light absorption on temperature in photorefractive LiNbO 3 :Fe crystals. The results are successfully explained by assuming that the widths of the Fe 2ϩ absorption bands in the visible and in the infrared spectral region depend on temperature. The findings are of relevance for thermal fixing of holograms. Furthermore, a temperature-induced increase of the infrared absorption is promising for improved infrared recording.

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Low-crosstalk WDM by Bragg diffraction from thermally fixed reflection holograms in lithium niobate

Cited by 56 publications

References 1 publication

Ionic and electronic dark decay of holograms in LiNbO3:Fe crystals

Ionic and electronic dark decay of holograms in LiNbO3:Fe crystals

Photorefractive properties of lithium and copper in-diffused lithium niobate crystals

Temperature dependence of absorption in photorefractive iron-doped lithium niobate crystals

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