“…Thus, at these portions of the spectrum, bandwidth is at a premium, mainly for outdoor communication. For indoor communication, 60 GHz ISM (industrial, scientific, and medical) unlicensed band is worldwide available and its use for Wi-Fi communication has been standardized as the IEEE 802.11ad specification [31,32], offering up to 7 Gbps throughput and allowing the use of very small and low-cost antennas [33,34].…”
This chapter aims to present the fundamentals of the design of wireless communication links for networked robotics applications. First, we provide an overview of networked robotics applications, motivating the importance of the wireless communication link as an enabler of these applications. Next, we review the wireless communication technologies available today, discussing the existent tradeoffs between range, power, and data rate, and introducing the main concepts regarding the design of wireless communication links. Finally, we present a design example of a wireless communication link and the results obtained. We conclude the chapter with a discussion of the results and the challenges faced in the design of wireless communication links for networked robotics.
“…Thus, at these portions of the spectrum, bandwidth is at a premium, mainly for outdoor communication. For indoor communication, 60 GHz ISM (industrial, scientific, and medical) unlicensed band is worldwide available and its use for Wi-Fi communication has been standardized as the IEEE 802.11ad specification [31,32], offering up to 7 Gbps throughput and allowing the use of very small and low-cost antennas [33,34].…”
This chapter aims to present the fundamentals of the design of wireless communication links for networked robotics applications. First, we provide an overview of networked robotics applications, motivating the importance of the wireless communication link as an enabler of these applications. Next, we review the wireless communication technologies available today, discussing the existent tradeoffs between range, power, and data rate, and introducing the main concepts regarding the design of wireless communication links. Finally, we present a design example of a wireless communication link and the results obtained. We conclude the chapter with a discussion of the results and the challenges faced in the design of wireless communication links for networked robotics.
“…On the other hand, CP antennas minimize the polarization mismatch and the multi-path interference problems in radar [4] and wireless communication systems [5]. These advantages become specially useful at millimeter-wave frequencies to mitigate their high free-space losses [6].…”
“…Therefore, in our paper, a combination of the design of the MFSSs based on the synthesis method [32]- [35] and the structures of the square patches with the truncated corners used in [36]- [40] will be used to design the mechanical PRC. A novel PRC array, which is considered to be a free rotating screen, is designed based on the MFSS method.…”
| In this paper, a novel polarization-reconfigurable converter (PRC) is proposed based on a multilayer frequencyselective surface (MFSS). First, the MFSS is designed using the square patches and the grid lines array to determine the operational frequency and bandwidth, and then the corners of the square patches are truncated to produce the phase difference of 90 between the two orthogonal linear components for circular polarization performance. To analyze and synthesize the PRC array, the operational mechanism is described in detail.The relation of the polarization states as a function of the rotating angle of the PRC array is summarized from the principle of operation. Therefore, the results show that the linear polarization (LP) from an incident wave can be reconfigured to LP, right-and left-hand circular polarizations by rotating the free-standing converter screen. The cell periods along x-and y-directions are the same, and their total height is 6 mm. The fractional bandwidth of axial ratio (AR) less than 3 dB is more than 15% with respect to the center operating frequency of 10 GHz at normal incidence. Simultaneously, the AR characteristics of different incidence angles for oblique incidence with TE and TM polarizations show that the proposed PRC has good polarization and angle stabilities. Moreover, the general design procedure and method is presented. Finally, a circularly shaped PRC array using the proposed PRC element based on the MFSS design is fabricated and measured. The agreement between the simulated and measured results is excellent.
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