Low-cost sound-based localization using programmable mixed-signal systems-on-chip

Umbarkar, Anurag; Subramanian, Varun; Doboli, Alex

doi:10.1016/j.mejo.2010.10.003

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Among the most popular alternatives for estimating the TDoA is the Generalized Cross-Correlation (GCC) [15], [16], [28]. Correlation based methods calculate the crosscorrelation of the two windowed sound signals x (n) and y (n) in the time domain as:…”

Section: Binaural Localizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interaural Level Difference (ILD) focuses on difCopyright c 2016 The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers ferences in sound energy level as a cue for localization, while Interaural Time Difference (ITD) corresponds to the Time-Difference of Arrival (TDoA) of sounds between the two ears. The latter is the most direct cue for estimating the direction of the sound source and is used in the majority of the implementations as the primarily localization cue [4], [9]- [16]. Utilizing TDoA does not impose so many restrictions to the structure of the system when compared to other methods, but obtaining the time difference from separate sound channels might be computationally expensive, making the achievement of a real-time system challenging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design of a Compact Sound Localization Device on a Stand-Alone FPGA-Based Platform

Kugler

Tossavainen

Kuroyanagi

et al. 2016

IEICE Trans. Inf. & Syst.

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SUMMARYSound localization systems are widely studied and have several potential applications, including hearing aid devices, surveillance and robotics. However, few proposed solutions target portable systems, such as wearable devices, which require a small unnoticeable platform, or unmanned aerial vehicles, in which weight and low power consumption are critical aspects. The main objective of this research is to achieve real-time sound localization capability in a small, self-contained device, without having to rely on large shaped platforms or complex microphone arrays. The proposed device has two surface-mount microphones spaced only 20 mm apart. Such reduced dimensions present challenges for the implementation, as differences in level and spectra become negligible, and only timedifference of arrival (TDoA) can be used as a localization cue. Three main issues have to be addressed in order to accomplish these objectives. To achieve real-time processing, the TDoA is calculated using zero-crossing spikes applied to the hardware-friendly Jeffers model. In order to make up for the reduction in resolution due to the small dimensions, the signal is upsampled several-fold within the system. Finally, a coherence-based spectral masking is used to select only frequency components with relevant TDoA information. The proposed system was implemented on a fieldprogrammable gate array (FPGA) based platform, due to the large amount of concurrent and independent tasks, which can be efficiently parallelized in reconfigurable hardware devices. Experimental results with white-noise and environmental sounds show high accuracies for both anechoic and reverberant conditions.

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Section: Binaural Localizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a Compact Sound Localization Device on a Stand-Alone FPGA-Based Platform

Kugler

Tossavainen

Kuroyanagi

et al. 2016

IEICE Trans. Inf. & Syst.

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show abstract

“…Ledeczi et al [1] discuss a sensor network implementation for sound-based detection of countersniper position. Sensor nodes are based on MICA 2 motes and a customized board for real-time detection, classification and correlation of acoustic information.…”

Section: Sn1 Sn2 Sn3 Sn4mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sound localization is required for various applications such as security systems, surveillance systems, video conferencing, robot navigation and speech recognition [1,3,4,6]. Sound enhancement and speech separation techniques are usually employed to achieve high precision localization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved sound-based localization through a network of reconfigurable mixed-signal nodes

Umbarkar

Subramanian

Doboli

2010

2010 IEEE International Workshop on Robotic and Sensors Environments

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“…The main disadvantage of these systems is the high computational cost, so they usually implement minimization algorithms. There are also TDOA systems that are based on estimating the direction of arrival (DOA) of the reference wave [15][16][17][18]. As with hyperboloid TDOA systems, these systems present a high computational cost as they need trigonometric and/or minimization functions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ALO4: Angle Localization and Orientation System with Four Receivers

Elvira

Castro

Garrido

2014

International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems

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This paper presents a 2D indoor localization and orientation system based on a TDOA (Time Difference of Arrival) technique. It uses an array of receivers (four lowcost ultrasonic resonant devices in a square distribution) to implement low-computational-effort DOA (Direction of Arrival) algorithms, based on assumed plane-wave reception. The system only demands two transmitters at well-known positions on the ceiling of the room for obtaining the node position and orientation when it is deployed on the floor of the room. This system has been tested using a Xilinx Spartan-3A FPGA that implements a 52 MHz MicroBlaze. The experimental results include a total of 1,440 points, obtaining a mean localization error of 5.17 cm and a mean orientation error of 3.34º. For this system, the localization and orientation processes are executed in less than 50 us.

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Low-cost sound-based localization using programmable mixed-signal systems-on-chip

Cited by 17 publications

References 12 publications

Design of a Compact Sound Localization Device on a Stand-Alone FPGA-Based Platform

Design of a Compact Sound Localization Device on a Stand-Alone FPGA-Based Platform

Improved sound-based localization through a network of reconfigurable mixed-signal nodes

ALO4: Angle Localization and Orientation System with Four Receivers

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