Low‐Cost Solutions for Assessment of Flash Flood Impacts Using Sentinel‐1/2 Data Fusion and Hydrologic/Hydraulic Modeling: Wadi El‐Natrun Region, Egypt

Sadek, Mohammed; Li, Xuxiang; Mostafa, Eman; Freeshah, Mohamed; Kamal, Ahmed; Almouctar, Mohamed Adou Sidi; Zhao, Fubo; Mustafa, Elhadi K.

doi:10.1155/2020/1039309

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…Remote sensing data are effective tools for detailed LULC classification and hazardrelated applications like flooding, which require precise mapping [103,104]. The openaccess and continuous data of ESA's Copernicus program of Sentinel satellites offer the possibility for comprehensive mapping of Earth's surface [105,106] and the systematic exploitation of more operational frameworks required for the monitoring of floods [107,108].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Dam Breach Analysis and Flood Wave Risk Assessment Using HEC-RAS and Remote Sensing Data: A Multicriteria Approach

Psomiadis

Tomanis²,

Kavvadias

et al. 2021

Water

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Dam breach has disastrous consequences for the economy and human lives. Floods are one of the most damaging natural phenomena, and some of the most catastrophic flash floods are related to dam collapses. The goal of the present study is to analyse the impact of a possible failure–collapse on a potentially affected area downstream of the existing Bramianos dam on southern Crete Island. HEC-RAS hydraulic analysis software was used to study the dam breach, the flood wave propagation, and estimate the extent of floods. The analysis was performed using two different relief datasets of the same area: a digital elevation model (DEM) taken from very high-resolution orthophoto images (OPH) of the National Cadastre and Mapping Agency SA and a detailed digital surface model (DSM) extracted from aerial images taken by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Remote sensing data of the Sentinel-2 satellite and OPH were utilised to create the geographic information system (GIS) layers of a thorough land use/cover classification (LULC) for the potentially flooded area, which was used to assess the impact of the flood wave. Different dam breach and flood scenarios, where the water flows over man-made structures, settlements, and olive tree cultivations, were also examined. The study area is dominated mainly by three geological formations with different hydrogeological characteristics that dictated the positioning and structure of the dam and determine the processes that shape the geomorphology and surface roughness of the floodplain, affecting flow conditions. The results show that the impact of a potential dam break at Bramianos dam is serious, and appropriate management measures should be taken to reduce the risk. The water flow downstream of the collapsed dam depends on the water volume stored in the reservoir. Moreover, the comparison of DSM and DEM cases shows that the detailed DSM may indicate more accurately the surface relief and existing natural obstacles such as vegetation, buildings, and greenhouses, enabling more realistic hydraulic simulation results. Dam breach flood simulations and innovative remote sensing data can provide valuable outcomes for engineers and stakeholders for decision-making and planning in order to confront the consequences of similar incidents worldwide.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Dam Breach Analysis and Flood Wave Risk Assessment Using HEC-RAS and Remote Sensing Data: A Multicriteria Approach

Psomiadis

Tomanis²,

Kavvadias

et al. 2021

Water

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“…The samples required for the training of all of the classes, in addition to those for validation, were obtained based on Google Earth historical images. We used a random sampling method [54,55] to generate 1000 checkpoints for each image, which covered all of the LULC classes and were well distributed, in order to obtain more realistic classification accuracy [54]. Based on the error matrix, the Overall Accuracy (OA%) was used to express the classification accuracy assessment.…”

Section: Accuracy Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring and Forecasting of Urban Expansion Using Machine Learning-Based Techniques and Remotely Sensed Data: A Case Study of Gharbia Governorate, Egypt

Mostafa

Sadek

et al. 2021

Remote Sensing

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Rapid population growth is the main driver of the accelerating urban sprawl into agricultural lands in Egypt. This is particularly obvious in governorates where there is no desert backyard (e.g., Gharbia) for urban expansion. This work presents an overview of machine learning-based and state-of-the-art remote sensing products and methodologies to address the issue of random urban expansion, which negatively impacts environmental sustainability. The study aims (1) to investigate the land-use/land-cover (LULC) changes over the past 27 years, and to simulate the future LULC dynamics over Gharbia; and (2) to produce an Urbanization Risk Map in order for the decision-makers to be informed of the districts with priority for sustainable planning. Time-series Landsat images were utilized to analyze the historical LULC change between 1991 and 2018, and to predict the LULC change by 2033 and 2048 based on a logistic regression–Markov chain model. The results show that there is a rapid urbanization trend corresponding to a diminution of the agricultural land. The agricultural sector represented 91.2% of the total land area in 1991, which was reduced to 83.7% in 2018. The built-up area exhibited a similar (but reversed) pattern. The results further reveal that the observed LULC dynamics will continue in a like manner in the future, confirming a remarkable urban sprawl over the agricultural land from 2018 to 2048. The cultivated land changes have a strong negative correlation with the built-up cover changes (the R2 were 0.73 in 1991–2003, and 0.99 in 2003–2018, respectively). Based on the Fuzzy TOPSIS technique, Mahalla Kubra and Tanta are the districts which were most susceptible to the undesirable environmental and socioeconomic impacts of the persistent urbanization. Such an unplanned loss of the fertile agricultural lands of the Nile Delta could negatively influence the production of premium agricultural crops for the local market and export. This study is substantial for the understanding of future trends of LULC changes, and for the proposal of alternative policies to reduce urban sprawl on fertile agricultural lands.

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“…Many studies have attempted to assess the effect of flash floods in regions of Egypt; for example, the Sentinel‐1/2 images were used to assess flash floods in the Wadi El‐Natrun region, Egypt (Sadek et al, 2020). The geomorphological map for the most vulnerable sub‐basins along the St. Katherine road, southern Sinai, Egypt, is described (Youssef, Pradhan, & Hassan, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sentinel‐1 remote sensing data and Hydrologic Engineering Centres River Analysis System two‐dimensional integration for flash flood detection and modelling in New Cairo City, Egypt

Elkhrachy

Pham

Costache

et al. 2021

J Flood Risk Management

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Digital surface models, land use and rainfall data were used to simulate water areas using Hydrologic Engineering Centres River Analysis System (HEC‐RAS) software. Multi‐temporal synthetic aperture radar (SAR) was used for the detection of flood prone area to calibrate HEC‐RAS, due to the lack of data validation in the New Cairo City, Egypt. The thresholding water detection method was applied to two Sentinel‐1 images, one pre‐ and one post‐flash flood event from April 24 to 27, 2018. The threshold method was used to detect water areas from SAR Sentinel‐1 images. Feature statistical agreement F1 and F2 values ranged from 73.4 to 77.7% between water areas extracted based on backscattering values between 19.97 and 16.53 in decibels (dB) and reference water areas obtained using an optical image of the Sentinel‐2 satellite. The similarity between simulated HEC‐RAS two‐dimensional (2D) of water areas and reference water areas based on SAR data ranged between 74.2 and 89.7% using feature statistical agreement values F1 and F2. It provides a clear suggestion that, in the absence of field observations, SAR data can be used to calibrate the model. Two flood hazard maps created based on water velocity and depth were obtained from HEC‐RAS 2D simulation. The obtained maps indicated that 11% of the roads and 50% of the buildings in New Cairo City are exposed to high hazard areas. Furthermore, 28% of the bare land is situated in a very high vulnerability area. We recommend the use of obtained hazard map in supporting emergency response, and designing effective emergency plans.

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Low‐Cost Solutions for Assessment of Flash Flood Impacts Using Sentinel‐1/2 Data Fusion and Hydrologic/Hydraulic Modeling: Wadi El‐Natrun Region, Egypt

Cited by 15 publications

References 29 publications

Potential Dam Breach Analysis and Flood Wave Risk Assessment Using HEC-RAS and Remote Sensing Data: A Multicriteria Approach

Potential Dam Breach Analysis and Flood Wave Risk Assessment Using HEC-RAS and Remote Sensing Data: A Multicriteria Approach

Monitoring and Forecasting of Urban Expansion Using Machine Learning-Based Techniques and Remotely Sensed Data: A Case Study of Gharbia Governorate, Egypt

Sentinel‐1 remote sensing data and Hydrologic Engineering Centres River Analysis System two‐dimensional integration for flash flood detection and modelling in New Cairo City, Egypt

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