Low-Cost Smart Surveillance and Reconnaissance Using VTOL Fixed Wing UAV

Sonkar, Sarvesh; Kumar, Prashant; Philip, Deepu; Ak, Ghosh

doi:10.1109/aero47225.2020.9172554

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…They are often used for aerial photography, search and rescue operations, and inspection of critical infrastructure [91,92]. A hybrid of both fixed-wing and rotary-wing UAVs is the so-called vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) UAV that has a body of a fixed-wing aircraft with additional rotors for vertical take-off and landing [93]. These UAVs do not require a launch pad or a runway to take off.…”

Section: Uav Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on Sensor- and Communication-Based Issues of Autonomous UAVs

Mykytyn,

Brzozowski,

Dyka

et al. 2024

CMES

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The application field for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology and its adoption rate have been increasing steadily in the past years. Decreasing cost of commercial drones has enabled their use at a scale broader than ever before. However, increasing the complexity of UAVs and decreasing the cost, both contribute to a lack of implemented security measures and raise new security and safety concerns. For instance, the issue of implausible or tampered UAV sensor measurements is barely addressed in the current research literature and thus, requires more attention from the research community. The goal of this survey is to extensively review state-of-the-art literature regarding common sensor-and communication-based vulnerabilities, existing threats, and active or passive cyberattacks against UAVs, as well as shed light on the research gaps in the literature. In this work, we describe the Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) architecture to point out the origination sources for security and safety issues. We evaluate the coverage and completeness of each related research work in a comprehensive comparison table as well as classify the threats, vulnerabilities and cyber-attacks into sensor-based and communication-based categories. Additionally, for each individual cyber-attack, we describe existing countermeasures or detection mechanisms and provide a list of requirements to ensure UAV's security and safety. We also address the problem of implausible sensor measurements and introduce the idea of a plausibility check for sensor data. By doing so, we discover additional measures to improve security and safety and report on a research niche that is not well represented in the current research literature. KEYWORDSUnmanned aerial vehicle; unmanned aerial system; cyber security and privacy; drone swarm; security vulnerabilities; cyber-threats; cyber-attacks; plausibility check Nomenclature UAV Unmanned aerial vehicle UAS Unmanned aerial system GCS Ground control station IMU Inertial measurement unit FDI Fault detection and isolation FTC Fault tolerant control 1020

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Section: Uav Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on Sensor- and Communication-Based Issues of Autonomous UAVs

Mykytyn,

Brzozowski,

Dyka

et al. 2024

CMES

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…UAVs are becoming popular in avenues like aerial photography, surveying, monitoring, border patrol, surveillance, etc. (Sonkar et al 2020;. Researchers identified applications of UAVs in precision agriculture, package delivery, disaster management, etc., to improve efficiency and commercial viability (Sun et al 2016;Kumar et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two types of UAV platforms, viz., (i) rotary-wing and (ii) fixed-wing, are famous for such applications (Ebeid et al 2017;Zhang et al 2021). Rotary-wing systems possess enhanced maneuverability (Matsumoto et al 2010), vertical take-off and landing 2 (VTOL) capability, and midair hovering ability during flight (Sonkar et al 2020). However, their inefficient operational nature severely limits both endurance and range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design & Implementation of an Electric Fixed-wing Hybrid VTOL UAV for Asset Monitoring

Sonkar

Kumar

Puli

et al. 2023

J. Aerosp. Technol. Manag.

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Fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) offer the best aerodynamic efficiency required for long-distance or high-endurance applications, albeit their runway requirement for take-off and landing in comparison with quadcopters, helicopters, and flapping-wing UAVs that can perform vertical take-off and landing (VTOL). Integrating a multirotor system with a fixed-wing UAV imparts VTOL capabilities without significantly compromising fixed-wing aerodynamic efficiency, endurance, payload capacity or range. Documented system design approaches to address various challenges of such fusion processes are sparse. This research proposes a holistic approach for designing, prototyping, and testing an electric-powered fixed-wing hybrid VTOL UAV. The proposed system design approach augments the standard aircraft design process with additional steps to integrate VTOL capabilities. Separate fixed-wing and multirotor designs were derived from the frozen mission requirements, which were then fused. The process used simulation for modeling and evaluating alternatives for the hybrid UAV created using standard aircraft design equations. We prototyped and instrumented the final design to validate operational capabilities through test flights. Multiple flight trials identified the ideal combination of Lithium-Polymer (Li-Po) batteries for VTOL (8000mAh) and fixed-wing (14000mAh) modes to meet the endurance and range requirements. The redundant power supplies also increased the survivability chances of the hybrid UAV during failures.

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Low-cost development of a fully composite fixed-wing hybrid VTOL UAV

Sonkar,

Kumar,

George

et al. 2024

J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng.

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Fixed-wing hybrid vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) are popular due to their interoperability in the military and civilian domains, primarily where significant terrain difficulties exist for humans. Additionally, they can operate without requiring any runway infrastructure and have extended air endurance and efficiency. Since the hybrid UAV operates in distinct flight modes, viz., (a) VTOL and (b) fixed-wing cruise, carrying different payloads, the airframe structure requires careful design and manufacturing to realize sufficient strength. This experimental study aimed to identify the best combinations of various composite materials for manufacturing a lightweight, low-altitude long endurance (LALE) hybrid VTOL UAV. Primary materials include carbon fiber, Kevlar, fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP), resins, etc. Different rectangular test specimens of 120 × 5 mm size were made from ten different grades of carbon fiber, FRP, and resins using vacuum bagging. After properly curing these test specimens, we quantified their dynamic mechanical characteristics using various bending load experiments on a universal testing machine (UTM). An analysis of the experimental data facilitated the identification of the best composite combinations that provide maximum strength while reducing overall weight. Thus, we could understand the dynamic interplay between peak stress and test specimen weight. We also manufactured a UAV prototype using the identified combination and instrumented and flight-tested it to substantiate the experimental findings.

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Low-Cost Smart Surveillance and Reconnaissance Using VTOL Fixed Wing UAV

Cited by 8 publications

References 7 publications

A Survey on Sensor- and Communication-Based Issues of Autonomous UAVs

A Survey on Sensor- and Communication-Based Issues of Autonomous UAVs

Design & Implementation of an Electric Fixed-wing Hybrid VTOL UAV for Asset Monitoring

Low-cost development of a fully composite fixed-wing hybrid VTOL UAV

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