Low cost methods for the production of semiconductor films for CuInSe2/CdS solar cells

Kapur, V. K.; Başol, B.M.; Tseng, Eric S.

doi:10.1016/0379-6787(87)90105-0

Cited by 136 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Alloyed or stacked metal layers are commonly deposited by thermal evaporation, 67 sputtering 68 or electrodeposition. 69,70 The DC-magnetron sputtering technique is well established for the production of large-area solar modules up to 60Â120 cm 2 yielding maximum efficiencies of 13% on 30Â30 cm 2 modules. 71,72 Adhesion problems due to the high volume expansion during the selenization of metallic precursors can be reduced by using metal selenide precursors which additionally reduce interdiffusion of In and Ga. 73,74 A maximum cell efficiency of 17Á5% after annealing has been achieved with an In-Ga-Se/Cu-Se bilayer evaporated on a heated substrate.…”

Section: Selenization Of Precursor Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of thin‐film Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ and CdTe solar cells

Romeo¹,

Terheggen²,

Abou‐Ras³

et al. 2004

Progress in Photovoltaics

353

192

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Cu(In,Ga)Se2 and CdTe heterojunction solar cells grown on rigid (glass) or flexible foil substrates require p‐type absorber layers of optimum optoelectronic properties and n‐type wide‐bandgap partner layers to form the p–n junction. Transparent conducting oxide and specific metal layers are used for front and back electrical contacts. Efficiencies of solar cells depend on various deposition methods as they control the optoelectronic properties of the layers and interfaces. Certain treatments, such as addition of Na in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 and CdCl2 treatment of CdTe have a direct influence on the electronic properties of the absorber layers and efficiency of solar cells. Processes for the development of superstrate and substrate solar cells are reviewed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Selenization Of Precursor Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of thin‐film Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ and CdTe solar cells

Romeo¹,

Terheggen²,

Abou‐Ras³

et al. 2004

Progress in Photovoltaics

353

192

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“…The direct electrodeposition provides all the constituents from the same electrolyte in a single step. CIS thin fi lms may also be fabricated by a sequential electroplating process in the fi rst step of which a pure Cu layer is deposited, and, in the second step, precursor fi lms of In -Se, Cu -Se, and Cu -In -Se are deposited using electrodeposition [298,299] . Direct electrodeposition was accomplished in one step from a plating bath containing calculated proportions of CuSO 2 , In 2 (SO 4 ) 3 , and SeSO 3 [299 -316] .…”

Section: Cuinse 2 Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thin‐Film Semiconductors Deposited in Nanometric Scales by Electrochemical and Wet Chemical Methods for Photovoltaic Solar Cell Applications

Savadogo

2010

Advances in Electrochemical Sciences and Engineering

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IntroductionThe world net electricity generation has been estimated to increase 77% from 18 trillion kilowatt hour s ( kWh ) in 2006 to 31.8 trillion kWh in 2030 with a value of 23.2 trillion kWh in 2015 1) . On the other hand, the world market capacity of solar photovoltaic power systems escalated from 1.3 gigawatt s ( GW ) in 2001 to 15.2 GW in 2008 for systems which have been installed. In particular, market installations reached a record high of 5.95 GW in 2008 corresponding to a growth of 110% from 2007. The contribution of solar energy to the world net electricity generation is estimated to be 6% by 2050.The production of photovoltaic ( PV ) modules is still based mainly on crystalline silicon (Si) (94%) while 4% of modules are based on thin -fi lm amorphous Si solar cells and 2% are polycrystalline compound solar cells based on CdTe and CuIn 2 Se [1] . Despite the tremendous progress in all aspects of production of Si -based solar cells and the rapid decrease of production cost for PV modules from $5 per peak watt at the beginning of the 1990s to $2.5 per peak watt in 2009, or $0.7 per kWh, this remains effectively too high. Subsidies from some government policies and/or the carbon dioxide market to increase the utilization of clean energy for sustainable development can contribute to reduce the PV energy cost to $0.25 -0.40 per kWh during the fi rst year of the system installation. This cost is similar to that of classic energy where energy cost is higher than $0.25 -0.30 per kWh. For economic viability of this energy without subsidies, the development of ultralow -cost PV systems is one of the important issues to ensure a smooth transition to sustainable energy development. According to a recent US Department of Energy study in the USA [2] , a major research effort is needed to close the huge gap between the current use of solar energy and its enormous underdeveloped potential. One of the identifi ed thrusts of the 5 Advances in Electrochemical Science and Engineering. Edited

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“…annealed an electrodeposited Cu -In alloy [74] , Kapur et al . annealed stacked Cu -In layers [75] , and Bhattacharya et al . annealed In -Se Cu -Se stacks [28] .…”

Section: Historical Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Electrochemistry in the Fabrication and Characterization of Thin‐Film Solar Cells

Dale

Peter

2010

Advances in Electrochemical Sciences and Engineering

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Low cost methods for the production of semiconductor films for CuInSe2/CdS solar cells

Cited by 136 publications

References 4 publications

Development of thin‐film Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ and CdTe solar cells

Development of thin‐film Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ and CdTe solar cells

Thin‐Film Semiconductors Deposited in Nanometric Scales by Electrochemical and Wet Chemical Methods for Photovoltaic Solar Cell Applications

Applications of Electrochemistry in the Fabrication and Characterization of Thin‐Film Solar Cells

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Low cost methods for the production of semiconductor films for CuInSe2/CdS solar cells

Cited by 136 publications

References 4 publications

Development of thin‐film Cu(In,Ga)Se2 and CdTe solar cells

Development of thin‐film Cu(In,Ga)Se2 and CdTe solar cells

Thin‐Film Semiconductors Deposited in Nanometric Scales by Electrochemical and Wet Chemical Methods for Photovoltaic Solar Cell Applications

Applications of Electrochemistry in the Fabrication and Characterization of Thin‐Film Solar Cells

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Product

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Development of thin‐film Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ and CdTe solar cells

Development of thin‐film Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ and CdTe solar cells