“…1) The jamming system can be classified into directional [105] or omnidirectional [106] jamming by the operating direction. The former focuses on a specific direction, and the latter can jam all direction.…”
This paper presents a comprehensive survey on anti-drone systems. After drones were released for non-military usages, drone incidents in the unarmed population are gradually increasing. However, it is unaffordable to construct a military grade anti-drone system for every private or public facility due to installation and operation costs, and regulatory restrictions. We focus on analyzing antidrone system that does not use military weapons, investigating a wide range of anti-drone technologies, and deriving proper system models for reliable drone defense. We categorized anti-drone technologies into detection, identification, and neutralization, and reviewed numerous studies on each. Then, we propose a hypothetical anti-drone system that presents the guidelines for adaptable and effective drone defense operations. Further, we discuss drone-side safety and security schemes that could nullify current anti-drone methods, and propose future solutions to resolve these challenges.
“…1) The jamming system can be classified into directional [105] or omnidirectional [106] jamming by the operating direction. The former focuses on a specific direction, and the latter can jam all direction.…”
This paper presents a comprehensive survey on anti-drone systems. After drones were released for non-military usages, drone incidents in the unarmed population are gradually increasing. However, it is unaffordable to construct a military grade anti-drone system for every private or public facility due to installation and operation costs, and regulatory restrictions. We focus on analyzing antidrone system that does not use military weapons, investigating a wide range of anti-drone technologies, and deriving proper system models for reliable drone defense. We categorized anti-drone technologies into detection, identification, and neutralization, and reviewed numerous studies on each. Then, we propose a hypothetical anti-drone system that presents the guidelines for adaptable and effective drone defense operations. Further, we discuss drone-side safety and security schemes that could nullify current anti-drone methods, and propose future solutions to resolve these challenges.
“…There is work on lethal or nonlethal elimination by UAVs [19,44], but this research is still in progress. This topic has been discussed and researched intensively [45,46,47,48]. This reflects recent UAV incidents (attacks).…”
Section: Discussion and Future Directionsmentioning
The fight against unmanned vehicles is nothing new; however, especially with the arrival of new technologies that are easily accessible for the wider population, new problems are arising. The deployment of small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) by paramilitary organizations during conflicts around the world has become a reality, non-lethal “paparazzi” actions have become a common practice, and it is only a matter of time until the population faces lethal attacks. The basic prerequisite for direct defense against attacking UAVs is their detection. The authors of this paper analysed the possibility of detecting flying aircraft in several different electro-magnetic spectrum bands. Firstly, methods based on calculations and simulations were chosen, and experiments in laboratories and measurements of the exterior were subsequently performed. As a result, values of the radar cross section (RCS), the noise level, the surface temperature, and optical as well as acoustic traces of tested devices were quantified. The outputs obtained from calculated, simulated, and experimentally detected values were found via UAV detection distances using specific sensors working in corresponding parts of the frequency spectrum.
“…Furthermore, a jammer can prevent the usage of the Industrial Scientific and Medical (ISM) band for data communication, or inhibit the Wi-Fi communications adopted for both telemetry and wireless video transmission [41]. Multerer et al [42] build an antidrone system which consists of a 3D Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) radar and a directional jammer. Moreover, Shi et al [15] developed an anti-drone system which combines multiple passive surveillance technologies to realize drone detection, localization, and radio frequency jamming.…”
We propose JAM-ME, an autonomous jamming-assisted navigation system that allows a drone to accomplish its mission even in the presence of an anti-drone jamming protection system. In this contribution, we review the current state-of-the-art highlighting how current solutions to respond to drones are completely ineffective against JAM-ME. In particular, we introduce our solution and its theoretical framework, and later we relax a few constraints of the baseline model (adding wind drift, and allowing the target to be randomly placed within the jammed area). Moreover, we run extensive simulations that do support our findings: even under the combined action of jamming and wind drift, the drone can reach a target randomly deployed in the jamming area-any other drone, under the same conditions, would have simply failed. As per the overhead, under very conservative assumptions, JAM-ME experiences an average overhead of 70%; however, note that such overhead can be reduced by at least a tenfold factor in practical settings-discussed in the paper. Finally, we highlight the intrinsic limitations of our solution, potential countermeasures, and new jamming strategies that can pave the way to further research.
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