Low‐cost fixed‐width squarer by using probability‐compensated circuit

Abstract

A simple and uniform compensated bias for a fixed-width squarer is proposed. By employing the expected value of truncation parts, truncation errors can be efficiently alleviated. The proposed squarer derives a simple compensated bias and achieves a small area. The results show that the proposed squarer achieves low-cost, high-accuracy performance and yields higher values than previous designs do, particularly regarding the value of accuracy divided by the area-delay product.

Design and analysis of energy‐efficient approximate Booth‐folding squarers with precision recovery

“…A Booth-folding technique [3] used in squarer is proposed to reduce the number of partial products (PP) by 50% and reduce the complexity of compressor circuit. Based on this technique, fixed-width two's complement squarers are designed in [4,5]. In [6], the authors propose approximate squares based on the Radix-4 Booth-folding.…”