Low Cost Environmentally Benign Porous Paper Based Fuel Cells for Micro-Nano Systems

Lal, Sweta; Janardhanan, Vinod M.; Deepa, Melepurath; Sagar, Anand; Sahu, Kirti Chandra

doi:10.1149/2.0251514jes

Cited by 35 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…However, if the gel allows the fuel and oxidant to crossover, a higher fuel concentration can result in a lower cell performance. This effect was reported in the case of paper‐based laminar‐flow cells . Nevertheless, here we did not observe this reverse effect until 3 m SPC.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 61%

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Sodium Percarbonate Based, Mixed‐Media Fuel Cells Supported on Paper with Gold/Nickel Oxide Catalysts

et al. 2016

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Self‐pumping T‐shaped mixed‐media paper‐based fuel cells are prepared for the first time by using sodium percarbonate as the fuel, KMnO4 as the oxidant, and a proton‐conducting gel as the electrolyte. Whatman filter papers serve as porous supports for the fluid (catholyte and anolyte) streams. The cell architecture with the Au/NiO (with 11 wt % Au) composite as the catalyst deposited at both electrodes delivers high current and power densities of 5.6 mA cm−2 and 2.6 mW cm−2, respectively. With this catalyst, the maximum current and power densities are enhanced by 75 and 121 %, respectively, as compared to the case without catalyst. Impedance analysis shows that ohmic and polarization resistances can be reduced significantly by use of the Au/NiO (with 11 wt % Au) composite as the catalyst. The ability of this cell to revive and restore its original performance once both the open‐circuit voltage and current density have decayed clearly demonstrates the applicability of this robust, easily disposable cell for powering micro‐/nanodevices.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 61%

“…Recently, there have been reports on the use of paper as a transport medium for the anolyte and catholyte . The principle behind the working of these fuel cells is similar to that of laminar flow membraneless fuel cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium Percarbonate Based, Mixed‐Media Fuel Cells Supported on Paper with Gold/Nickel Oxide Catalysts

et al. 2016

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“…Esquivel et al investigated a paper‐based microfluidic cell using methanol and KOH solutions as fuel and electrolyte, respectively, and achieved a power density of 5 mWcm −2 . Lal et al presented an MPFC using different filter papers with two inlets, graphite sheet as electrode, formic acid as fuel, and potassium permanganate as an oxidant . Pasala and Ramanujam presented a similar device acting as an ion‐conducting medium with 6 mWcm −2 within 100 minutes .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance optimization of microfluidic paper fuel‐cell with varying cellulose fiber papers as absorbent pad

et al. 2020

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Summary Miniaturization of devices, combined with other features such as portability, proneness to automation, rapid performance, amenability to integration, multiplexing, and cost‐effectiveness, is rapidly increasing for various sensing and energy harvesting applications. One such emerging area is the development of microfluidic fuel cell on cellulose papers, which has enormous scope to optimize its performance. This is primarily because such devices eliminate the need for membranes as well as external pumps since they have built‐in colaminar flow embedded capillaries. Such peripherals are usually used in conventional microfluidic fuel cells, which are fabricated using methods like photolithography, PDMS lithography, and 3D printing. This paper presents investigations on microfluidic paper–based fuel cells (MPFCs) with different cellulose absorbent pads for their performance optimization. Herein, the MPFC utilizes formic acid as fuel, oxygen from quiescent air as oxidant, and sulfuric acid as electrolyte for conducting ionic exchange under colaminar flow. The electrodes are realized through simple pencil strokes depositing a thin layer of graphite. The porous graphite electrodes act as diffusion agents breathing oxygen directly from the atmospheric air. Such an MPFC configuration, costing less than US $1, was optimized to achieve maximum energy density by examining various combinations of absorbent pads with different grades of cellulose papers. It is seen that the maximum open circuit potential is 0.46 V, while the maximum current and power densities are 1505.66 μAcm−2 and 173.97 μWcm−2, respectively, with a grade 6 absorbent pad. Such performance can be further enhanced by investigating MPFCs with various graphite pencils with a diverse number of strokes at different concentration levels.

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“…Need for such devices demand flexible, thin and compact electrical energy source. Of late, paper is considered actively to develop micro energy systems . Paper is either used as electrode or electrolyte in such devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paper‐Based Disposable Zinc‐Vanadium Fuel Cell for Micropower Applications

Pasala

Ramanujam

2019

ChemistrySelect

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The emergence properties of paper as the ionic conductor has driven the new development in energy generators mainly micro‐nano scale energy. Instead of the flow channels in conventional fuel cells, the capillary action of the paper controls the flow of the electrolytes. Paper based biofuel cells and electrochemical fuel cells are recent trends in micro‐nano power generation to support the biosensors. In this study, zinc fuel and VO2+4pt oxidant were used to form a membraneless fuel cell. Instead of membrane, Whatmann® 2 filter paper was used as the separator cum autonomous microfluidic pumping system. When 6 M KOH and 1.5 M VO2+ in 2.5 M H2SO4 were supplied on the anode and cathode respectively, a peak power density of 9.4 mW cm−2 at 1.21 V and open circuit voltage of ∼ 2.5 V were realized. Due to the low cost and high power associated with this system, it can be used to power the Lab‐on‐Chip devices employed for single use point‐of‐care applications.

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Low Cost Environmentally Benign Porous Paper Based Fuel Cells for Micro-Nano Systems

Cited by 35 publications

References 17 publications

Sodium Percarbonate Based, Mixed‐Media Fuel Cells Supported on Paper with Gold/Nickel Oxide Catalysts

Sodium Percarbonate Based, Mixed‐Media Fuel Cells Supported on Paper with Gold/Nickel Oxide Catalysts

Performance optimization of microfluidic paper fuel‐cell with varying cellulose fiber papers as absorbent pad

Paper‐Based Disposable Zinc‐Vanadium Fuel Cell for Micropower Applications

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