Low-Cost Enhancement Technique for Winter Habitat of Juvenile Coho Salmon

Cederholm, Carl J.; Scarlett, W. J.; Peterson, N. Phil

doi:10.1577/1548-8675(1988)008<0438:lcetfw>2.3.co;2

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Off-channel and side-channel habitat is limited in Big Beef Creek, and we assumed that the coho salmon survived the winter and smolted from main-channel habitat. The superior survival and growth of coho salmon marked above the lake is consistent with studies (e.g., Cederholm et al 1988;Cederholm and Scarlett 1991) documenting excellent coho salmon over-winter growth and survival in small constructed ponds. However, the wetlands above the lake may also have provided suitable rearing locations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

The influence of habitat complexity and fish size on over-winter survival and growth of individually marked juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in Big Beef Creek, Washington

Quinn¹,

Peterson²

1996

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

215

246

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Wild juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were individually marked in October 1990 and 1991 to evaluate the effects of habitat complexity and fish size on over-winter survival in Big Beef Creek, Washington. Habitat complexity was quantified for the habitat unit where the fish were collected and, in 1991, also for the 500-m reach downstream from the collection site. Survival, estimated from recovery of marked smolts at the stream's mouth, differed between years (25.4 and 46.2%) and also varied among habitat units and reaches within years. Survival was at most weakly correlated with complexity of the habitat units but was strongly correlated with the quantity of woody debris and density of habitat units in the 500-m reach, and distance from the estuary. Because distance covaried with habitat complexity, we could not ascertain which factor had the primary influence on survival. In addition, larger fish generally survived at a higher rate than smaller individuals. However, fish tagged above William Symington Lake were smaller in the fall but larger as smolts and had higher survival rates than those tagged below the lake. Taken together, these results reveal complex relationships between size, habitat, and growth that may affect over-winter survival and subsequent life-history events. Résumé : Nous avons marqué individuellement des juvéniles de saumon coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) sauvage, en octobre 1990 et 1991, pour évaluer les effets de la complexité de l'habitat et de la taille des poissons sur la survie hivernale dans le Big Beef Creek (Washington). Nous avons quantifié la complexité de l'habitat dans l'unité d'habitat où les poissons ont été prélevés et, en 1991, nous l'avons fait également dans le tronçon de 500 m situé en aval du lieu de prélèvement. La survie, estimée d'après la récupération de smolts marqués à l'embouchure du cours d'eau, différait d'une année à l'autre (25,4 et 46,2%) et variait aussi selon les unités d'habitat et les tronçons une même année. Le taux de survie était au moins faiblement corrélé à la complexité des unités d'habitat, et était fortement corrélé à la quantité de débris de bois et à la densité des unités d'habitat dans le tronçon de 500 m, et avec la distance par rapport à l'estuaire. Étant donné que la distance variait avec la complexité de l'habitat, nous n'avons pas pu établir quel facteur avait l'influence la plus forte sur la survie. De plus, les poissons de grande taille survivaient généralement en plus grande proportion que les individus de petite taille. Toutefois, les poissons marqués au-dessus du lac William Symington étaient plus petits à l'automne mais plus grands au stade du smolt, et présentaient des taux de survie plus élevés, que ceux marqués au-dessous du lac. Considérés ensemble, ces résultats révèlent des relations complexes entre la taille, l'habitat et la croissance, relations qui peuvent affecter la survie hivernale et les événements subséquents du cycle biologique. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

The influence of habitat complexity and fish size on over-winter survival and growth of individually marked juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in Big Beef Creek, Washington

Quinn¹,

Peterson²

1996

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

215

246

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“…Most channel modifications increase current velocity during base-flow conditions, as well as during floods. When rehabilitating juvenile salmonid overwintering habitat in such flow-altered rivers, the following habitat requirements should be considered: pools with moderate current velocity at channel-unit scales, instream cover to create moderate current velocity, such as overhanging submerged grasses and coarse substrates as indicated in this study, woody debris (Tschaplinski and Hartman, 1983;Cederholm and Scarlett, 1988;Giannico and Hinch, 2003) and undercut bank and root wads (Heifetz et al, 1986;Hillman et al, 1987) at microhabitat scales. These considerations at channel-unit and microhabitat scales could contribute to the conservation of fish populations and habitats at reach scales.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Juvenile masu salmon in a regulated river

Nagayama¹,

Nakamura²

2007

River Research & Apps

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We examined the relationship between the physical environment and habitat use of juvenile masu salmon, Oncorhynchus masou, in the Nobori River in Hokkaido, Japan to provide a perspective for the conservation of fish habitat in regulated streams. The study was undertaken during the autumn and winter, with an emphasis on the hierarchy of three spatial scales: microhabitat, channel-unit and reach scales. The microhabitat-scale analysis indicated juvenile masu salmon preferred a midstream habitat type, with a greater depth (Avg. AE SD: 35.4 AE 14.2 cm) and high (43.4 AE 23.1 cm s À1) and uniform current velocities during the autumn, and a channel margin habitat type with a moderate current (about 20 cm s À1) and submerged cover during winter. In addition, different cover types have different roles in determining juvenile salmon distributions during winter. Grass cover had extremely high carrying capacities, whereas coarse substrate cover provided winter habitat for larger juvenile salmon. Channel-unit scale analyses showed that abundance of juvenile salmon tended to be higher in pools than runs in the autumn through winter. Reach-scale analysis showed that abundance and mean body length of juvenile salmon significantly differed between differently regulated reaches during winter, associated with the dominant cover type in each reach. This study demonstrated that the habitat conditions determining juvenile masu salmon distribution differ according to the season and scale of analysis. Therefore, for conservation of fish communities, it is important to evaluate and conserve or create fish habitats in regulated reaches, with a focus on the hierarchy of spatial scales and seasonal differences.

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“…Low-energy, off-channel habitat is rare in Oregon coastal streams, and its absence is thought to limit adult production by reducing fry-to-smolt survival rates (Nickelson et al 1992b). Quality rearing habitat not only increases survival rates but can increase juvenile growth rates, resulting in larger smolts (Cederholm et al 1988;Irvine and Ward 1989;Quinn and Peterson 1996). Higher juvenile growth rates and larger smolt size can increase rates of marine survival (Mathews and Ishida 1989;) and precocious maturation (Hager and Noble 1976;Bilton et al 1982).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Correlates of Male Life History Variation among Coho Salmon Populations from Two Oregon Coastal Basins

Young¹

1999

Transactions of the American Fisheries Society

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Documenting the spatial scale and possible causes of life history variation among populations of coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch can improve ecological understanding and guide efforts to conserve potentially adaptive intraspecific diversity. In this paper I use 14 years of spawning ground survey data for 10 populations from the Coos and Coquille basins on the southern Oregon coast to examine interpopulation differences in the proportion of males that spawn as 2year-old jacks instead of as 3-year-old adults. There were significant between-population differences in the proportions of males spawning as jacks, and mean ''jack proportion'' was significantly and positively correlated with mean spawner density (fish/km). Two principal components (PC1 and PC2) summarizing 98% of the variation in variables approximating stream level environmental conditions explained 60% of the variation in mean jack proportion and 32% of the variation in mean spawner density. Mean jack proportion was negatively and significantly related to PC1, which loaded positively for stream gradient, stream elevation, and smolt and adult migration distance, and to PC2, which loaded positively for distance and negatively for gradient. Mean spawner density was similarly, though not significantly, related to the two principal components. The coefficient of variation for jack proportion was negatively and significantly correlated with mean jack proportion and mean spawner density. Higher-density populations consistently had a higher proportion of spawning males returning as jacks. Because jacks provide the only gene flow between otherwise isolated brood years and may buffer populations from severe brood year loss due to environmental stochasticity, the frequency of this life history strategy critically affects the genetic structure and ecological function in regional coho salmon populations. Explicitly considering the genetic and ecological role of jacks should help improve conservation efforts and future decisions regarding the status of regional coho salmon populations.

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Low-Cost Enhancement Technique for Winter Habitat of Juvenile Coho Salmon

Cited by 18 publications

References 2 publications

The influence of habitat complexity and fish size on over-winter survival and growth of individually marked juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in Big Beef Creek, Washington

The influence of habitat complexity and fish size on over-winter survival and growth of individually marked juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in Big Beef Creek, Washington

Juvenile masu salmon in a regulated river

Environmental Correlates of Male Life History Variation among Coho Salmon Populations from Two Oregon Coastal Basins

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