Low‐cost display assembly and interconnect using ink‐jet printing technology

Hayes, Donald J.; Cox, W. Royall; Grove, Michael E.

doi:10.1889/1.1844664

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The same requirements apply in drug discovery experiments for medical applications [9,10], without forgetting the direct delivery through lung deposition via monodisperse aerosols of droplets with diameters between 3 and 5 μm. Other applications include optics [18,19], where the microdrops are used as lenses themselves, manufacturing of complex composite solids, such as directional asymmetric metal-ceramic matrices [20,21], direct soldering [22][23][24][25], thin-film coatings, and many more.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodic emission of droplets from an oscillating electrified meniscus of a low-viscosity, highly conductive liquid

et al. 2015

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The generation of identical droplets of controllable size in the micrometer range is a problem of much interest owing to the numerous technological applications of such droplets. This work reports an investigation of the regime of periodic emission of droplets from an electrified oscillating meniscus of a liquid of low viscosity and high electrical conductivity attached to the end of a capillary tube, which may be used to produce droplets more than ten times smaller than the diameter of the tube. To attain this periodic microdripping regime, termed axial spray mode II by Juraschek and Röllgen [R. Juraschek and F. W. Röllgen, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 177, 1 (1998)], liquid is continuously supplied through the tube at a given constant flow rate, while a dc voltage is applied between the tube and a nearby counter electrode. The resulting electric field induces a stress at the surface of the liquid that stretches the meniscus until, in certain ranges of voltage and flow rate, it develops a ligament that eventually detaches, forming a single droplet, in a process that repeats itself periodically. While it is being stretched, the ligament develops a conical tip that emits ultrafine droplets, but the total mass emitted is practically contained in the main droplet. In the parametrical domain studied, we find that the process depends on two main dimensionless parameters, the flow rate nondimensionalized with the diameter of the tube and the capillary time, q, and the electric Bond number B E , which is a nondimensional measure of the square of the applied voltage. The meniscus oscillation frequency made nondimensional with the capillary time, f , is of order unity for very small flow rates and tends to decrease as the inverse of the square root of q for larger values of this parameter. The product of the meniscus mean volume times the oscillation frequency is nearly constant. The characteristic length and width of the liquid ligament immediately before its detachment approximately scale as powers of the flow rate and depend only weakly on the applied voltage. The diameter of the main droplets nondimensionalized with the diameter of the tube satisfies d d ≈ (6/π ) 1/3 (q/f ) 1/3 , from mass conservation, while the electric charge of these droplets is about 1/4 of the Rayleigh charge. At the minimum flow rate compatible with the periodic regimen, the dimensionless diameter of the droplets is smaller than one-tenth, which presents a way to use electrohydrodynamic atomization to generate droplets of highly conducting liquids in the micron-size range, in marked contrast with the cone-jet electrospray whose typical droplet size is in the nanometric regime for these liquids. In contrast with other microdripping regimes where the mass is emitted upon the periodic formation of a narrow capillary jet, the present regime gives one single droplet per oscillation, except for the almost massless fine aerosol emitted in the form of an electrospray.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodic emission of droplets from an oscillating electrified meniscus of a low-viscosity, highly conductive liquid

et al. 2015

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“…Ink-jet printing methods have been discussed and demonstrated over the last few years for a variety of applications in the manufacture of flat panel displays, including the printing of spacer balls and color filters for liquid crystal displays, along with printing phosphor particle elements for inorganic electroluminescent 15 With the recent rise of interest in polymer-based, color LED displays, ink-jet printing has come to the forefront as potentially the lowest cost and most capable manufacturing technology for such displays due, among other aspects, to its additive and non-contact characteristics. Commercial fluids used currently to fabricate the light emitting layers ofPLEDs are readily dispensed by ink-jet printing due to the ability to utilize formulations with low solids content, which translates into low viscosity.…”

Section: Polymer Led Display Printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inkjet printing in the manufacture of electronics, photonics, and displays

et al. 2002

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Ink-jet printing technologies are now being developed and used across a wide spectrum of optoelectronic and microelectronic manufacturing applications, because they provide opportunities both for significant cost reductions in existing components and for new component and device configurations. Examples of cost reductions in existing component configurations include printing of optical epoxies to fabricate precision microlens arrays for micro-minorbased MEMS optical switches and fluxiess printing of solder bumps for flip-chip BGA, tBGA and CSP (chip-scale package) manufacture. The most widely recognized, relatively new application of ink-jet printing has arisen in the manufacturing ofPLED (Polymer-LED) displays. Potential uses ofthese technologies for creating new device and package configurations that provide both higher performance and lower cost include microlens printing directly onto VCSELs or the tips of optical fibers for increasing the efficiency of coupling and solder ball printing for making rightangle electrical connections, in order to enable further miniaturization ofoptoelectronic packages. Example of new device configurations which may be fabricated using these capabilities include chip-level optical switches, transceivers, transmitters and receivers.

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“…In addition, due to the ink being jetted only onto the desired location using the drop on demand (DoD)-based digital ink-jet printing method, this printing technique can achieve a high ink efficiency. [3][4][5][6] Due to these advantages, ceramic ink-jet printing has become the technology of choice over the past decade in the ceramic tile decoration industry. However, despite its success, this industry has recently been faced with the pressure of environmental issues such as global warming and air pollution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%