Low‐Cost and Scalable Ni‐Prussian Blue Analogue//Functionalized Carbon Based Na‐Ion Systems for all Climate Operations

Abstract

Herein, we have developed a sodium ion based aqueous energy storage device with nickel prussian‐blue‐analogue (Ni‐PBA) positive and functionalized carbon‐black negative electrodes in 1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte solution. The components required to develop the device, i. e., stainless steel (SS) current‐collectors, absorbent‐glass‐mat separator, electrolyte, carbon‐black, and precursors of Ni‐PBA, are all environmentally benign and inexpensive. To minimize the corrosion of pristine‐SS, polyaniline coating on the SS surface is applied by in situ electrodeposition method. The full cell exhibits a specific capacity of 28 mAh g−1 with 90 % Coulomb efficiency (@0.2C), an energy density of 34 Wh kg−1 (@20 W kg−1), a power density of 100 W kg−1 (@18 Wh kg−1) and a good life cycle (70 % capacity‐retention over 500 cycles @1.0C rate) within the 0–1.2 V window. The cell performance is further tested under variable temperatures, and 0–50 °C range is reported to be the working window for this cell.

An Enduring Na-Ion Solar Battery Configured with Na2Co0.5Ni0.5Fe(CN)6 Positive and NaTi2(PO4)3 Negative Electrodes in Na2SO4-SiO2 Hydrogel Electrolyte

“…However, the anodic and cathodic peaks minimally shifted upon the increment of scan rate from 5 to 50 mV s −1 , due to the lower mass transfer limitations. 51 Because of the NaSICON structure with ultra-fast Na-ion diffusion through the crystal lattice, the mass transfer resistances are drastically minimized. Resultantly, high power capability is expected from the NTP negative electrode.…”

Review—Current Collectors for Rechargeable Batteries: State-of-the-Art Design and Development Strategies for Commercial Products

“…108 Such modified current collectors are used in Naion batteries under 1 M NaPF 6 in ethylene carbonate/diethyl carbonate (EC/DEC) electrolyte medium. Naskar et al studied the corrosion behavior and water-splitting window of PANI 109 and CNT 110 coated SS foils in 1 M Na 2 SO 4 (aq.) electrolyte for Na-ion batteries and obtained a lower corrosion rate with higher water splitting voltage regime than that of uncoated SS foils.…”

Prussian blue analogues with Na2NixCoyMnzFe(CN)6-multimetallic structures as positive and hydrogen vanadate as negative electrodes in aqueous Na-ion batteries for solar energy storage applications

“…7(c), where the energy/power densities of PBA-1//HVO are presented along with the literature data for various PBA based cells. [11][12][13][14][45][46][47][48][49][50] The PBA-1//HVO full cell demonstrates an energy density of 118 W h kg À1 (at 181 W kg À1 ) and a power density of 780 W kg À1 (at 46 W h kg À1 ).…”

“…11 The same group also reported a Na 2 NiFe(CN) 6 /polypyrrole composite as the positive active material in aqueous Na-ion hybrid batteries, but it exhibited a specific capacity of 73.6 mA h g −1 at 2C current load within 0.05–1.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl. 12 Even though Ni does not contribute any storage capacity in PBAs, it improves the cycling stability by preserving the structural integrity of PBAs. 9 Therefore, modern research focuses on Ni-doping in PBAs at the sites of nitrogen-coordinated transition metals for achieving good cycle life.…”