Low cost and high efficiency PC power supply design to meet 80 plus requirement

Liang, S.-A.

doi:10.1109/icit.2008.4608395

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In the case of SPM there are efforts pursuing higher efficiency for power sources [3], [4], which is usually lower than 80%. The hardware designers are also introducing new types of memory to increase the efficiency and reduce consumption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An energy management system for cluster infrastructures

Alfonso

Caballer

Alvarruiz

et al. 2013

Computers & Electrical Engineering

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This paper presents a general energy management system for High Performance Computing (HPC) clusters and cloud infrastructures that powers off cluster nodes when they are not being used, and conversely powers them on when they are needed. This system can be integrated with different HPC cluster middleware, such as Batch-Queuing Systems or Cloud Management Systems, and can also use different mechanisms for powering on and off the computing nodes. The presented system makes it possible to implement different energy-saving policies depending on the priorities and particularities of the cluster. It also provides a hook system to extend the functionality, and a sensor system in order to take into account environmental information. The paper describes the successful integration of the system proposed with some popular Batch-Queuing Systems, and also with some Cloud Management middlewares, presenting two real use-cases that show significant energy/costs savings of 27% and 17%.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An energy management system for cluster infrastructures

Alfonso

Caballer

Alvarruiz

et al. 2013

Computers & Electrical Engineering

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“…The servers and other components in the data centers have benefited from these advances, as the electronic components have been enhanced and the consumption has been reduced. Some examples of such kind of enhancements are: (1) the power sources are now more efficient, while a few years ago, its efficiency was barely a 80% [79] [63]; (2) the Solid State Drives (SSD) are commonly used, thus eliminating the consumption associated to the mechanical parts of the conventional disks; (3) the DDR memories of new generations are now more efficient than previous versions, and are also appearing low consuming variants of the DDR memories; (4) in the last years, the low consuming versions of the CPUs have been generalized; or (5) some technologies such as the Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) or Power Gating (PG) are included in processors, to enable the synchronization between the Operating System (OS) and the processor, in order to reduce power consumption.…”

Section: Introduction and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of SPM there are efforts pursuing higher efficiency for power sources [79], [63], which is usually lower than 80%. The hardware designers are also introducing new types of memory to increase the efficiency and reduce consumption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient and elastic management of computing infrastructures

Laguna¹,

de²

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AcknowledgementsEn primer lugar quiero dar las gracias a mis padres Lola y Ramón, por haberme animado siempre a continuar trabajando. Gracias a ellos he ido avanzando en mi vida y he llegado hasta aquí. Están tan orgullosos, que sólo por oírles hablar de mí, merece la pena seguir haciendo cosas. Muchas gracias papás, espero seguir consiguiendo que os sintáis orgullosos de mí.Quiero dar las gracias a Mar porque siempre está a mi lado y por haberme apoyado tanto para terminar este trabajo. Ha estado todo el tiempo ahí animándome, diciéndome lo poco que me iba a costar terminarlo, y que no me preocupara, porque iba a quedar bien. Muchas gracias mi amor, espero que sigas siempre junto a mí.También tengo que agradecer la labor de Miguel Caballer y Fernando Alvarruíz, porque con ellos empezó esta tesis y porque han aportado mucho trabajo a ella. Y agradecer a Nacho Blanquer y a Germán Moltó, que se hayan ido incorporando al desarrollo del trabajo, y se hayan implicado de tal forma que han acabado siendo mis directores. Muchas gracias a todos, espero poder continuar trabajando con vosotros.Y finalmente, quiero dar las gracias a Vicente Hernández, porqueél es el artífice de que hace años empezase con esto de la investigación y sé que, aunque no me haya podido acompañar hasta aquí, se habría sentido orgulloso al ver que por fin he terminado. Muchas gracias, Vicente.iii AbstractModern data centers integrate a lot of computer and electronic devices. However, some reports state that the mean usage of a typical data center is around 50% of its peak capacity, and the mean usage of each server is between 10% and 50%. A lot of energy is destined to power on computer hardware that most of the time remains idle. Therefore, it would be possible to save energy simply by powering off those parts from the data center that are not actually used, and powering them on again as they are needed.Most data centers have computing clusters that are used for intensive computing, recently evolving towards an on-premises Cloud service model. Despite the use of low consuming components, higher energy savings can be achieved by dynamically adapting the system to the actual workload. The main approach in this case is the usage of energy saving criteria for scheduling the jobs or the virtual machines into the working nodes. The aim is to power off idle servers automatically. But it is necessary to schedule the power management of the servers in order to minimize the impact on the end users and their applications.The objective of this thesis is the elastic and efficient management of cluster infrastructures, with the aim of reducing the costs associated to idle components. This objective is addressed by automating the power management of the working nodes in a computing cluster, and also proactive stimulating the load distribution to achieve idle resources that could be powered off by means of memory overcommitment and live migration of virtual machines. Moreover, this automation is of interest for virtual clusters, as they also suffer from the same ...

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