Low Cost Adsorbents for Sustainable Dye Containing-Wastewater Treatment

Abstract

Dyes are coloured substances that can be applied to various substrates such as textile materials, leather, paper and hair. The usage of dyes has continuously increased in many industries but the removal of this pollutant remains as a problematic issue as they are generally stable to light and oxidizing agents and are resistant to aerobic digestion. This literature review paper provides and lists several low cost adsorbents to serve as an alternative method for dye removal. Adsorption using low cost materials can be viewed as a sustainable treatment process because most of these materials are of naturally occurring, locally available and inexpensive materials. This paper covers an overview of dyes waste treatments for 5 years period, from 2008-2012. Some of the noteworthy adsorbents include agricultural byproducts, industrial waste and natural clay materials. Besides, the combination processes involving adsorption and other methods was also discussed.

Conventional and non-conventional adsorbents for wastewater treatment

“…In the literature, the term "biosorbent" includes the usage of dead biomass such as fibers, peat, rice hulls, forest by-products, chitosan and agro-food wastes as well as living plants, fungi, algae (unicellular microalgae, cyanobacteria, multicellular macroalgae) and bacteria. Biosorbents represent cheap filter materials often with high affinity, capacity and selectivity, and they are abundant and already available in most places (Aksu 2005;Sudha and Giri Dev 2007;Vijayaraghavan and Yun 2008;Gadd 2009;Crini and Badot 2010;Michalak et al 2013;Kyzas et al 2013;Lim and Aris 2014;Ong et al 2014;Gupta et al 2015). Some types of materials are broad range with no specific priority for metal ion bonding, while others can be specific for certain types of metal ions.…”

Adsorption-Oriented Processes Using Conventional and Non-conventional Adsorbents for Wastewater Treatment

“…In the literature, the term "biosorbent" includes the usage of dead biomass such as fibers, peat, rice hulls, forest by-products, chitosan, and agro-food wastes as well as living plants, fungi, algae (unicellular microalgae, cyanobacteria, multicellular macroalgae), and bacteria. Biosorbents represent cheap filter materials often with high affinity, capacity and selectivity, and they are abundant and already available in most places (Aksu 2005;Sudha and Giri Dev 2007;Vijayaraghavan and Yun 2008;Gadd 2009;Crini and Badot 2010;Michalak et al 2013;Kyzas et al 2013a;Lim and Aris 2014;Ong et al 2014;Gupta et al 2015). Some types of materials are broad range with no specific priority for metal ion bonding, while others can be specific for certain types of metal ions.…”

Non‐Conventional Adsorbents for Dye Removal

“…Clay materials can be modified to improve their adsorption capacity. It is evident from the literature survey that clay materials may be promising adsorbents for environmental and purification purposes [3]. The adsorption capacity of kaolinite can also be improved by purification and by treatment with NaOH solution [55].…”

“…During the past three decades, several physical, chemical and biological decontamination/decolorization methods have been reported; few, however, have been accepted by the industrial world [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Amongst the numerous techniques of pollutant removal or recovery in commercial and industrial use, adsorption on activated carbons and ion-exchange on synthetic organic resins are the procedures of choice and give the best results, as they can be used to remove different types of pollutants [6].…”