Low conversion loss and high isolation harmonic mixer based on multilayer graphene

Abstract

Low conversion loss (CL) and high isolation graphene harmonic mixer with inductor-capacitor resonators and microstrip reflective stubs (MRS) is presented in this paper. The nonlinear electromagnetic field characteristics of the multilayer graphene are similar to those of an antiparallel diode pair, which has very strong nonlinear characteristic and is suitable for the development of the Low-level even-combinatorial-frequency harmonic mixer. Through the reflection of radio frequency (RF) signal and local oscillator (LO) frequency signal, the CL of graphene harmonic mixer is significantly reduced, and the isolation between the ports is also improved. The measured minimum CL at the LO power of 16dBm is about 19.2dB, and 2-3dB lower than that without MRS over the frequency band from 2.05-2.5GHz, while the isolation between ports is better than 30dB.

Millimeter wave difference-frequency mixing by mobile carriers in gated monolayer graphene with broken centrosymmetry

“…Tong et al [7] described the construction of a graphene-based millimeter wave mixer with low conversion loss and very broad bandwidth, exceeding 50 GHz, which is unprecedented for graphene microwave mixers. High-performance graphene mixers for millimeter wave applications have also been demonstrated by Samir et al [6] and Chen et al [8]. Such non-linear graphene devices may play a decisive role in the development of high speed data links as well as in many other possible applications (see, e.g.…”

“…Recently, several experimental groups have reported a significant performance improvement of graphene-based mixers exploiting the non-linear response of graphene in the millimeter and the submillimeter wave band [4][5][6][7][8][9]. In particular, Fernando Las Heras and coworkers succeeded in designing and producing graphene-based subharmonic mixers operating with high conversion efficiency within the millimeterwave band [4,5,9].…”

“…To gain an insight into the underlying physics and the device application potential of the difference-frequency generation (DFG) in graphene, it is worthwhile to complement the experimental findings [1,[4][5][6][7][8][9] with appropriate theoretical simulations. We address this issue in the present paper, relying on the Boltzmann equation techniques and drawing attention to the possibility of new features of the DFG phenomenon in the millimeter wave band, which have not been discussed before.…”

“…We address this issue in the present paper, relying on the Boltzmann equation techniques and drawing attention to the possibility of new features of the DFG phenomenon in the millimeter wave band, which have not been discussed before. To illustrate this possibility, we consider, unlike the work cited above [1,[4][5][6][7][8][9], a graphene monolayer rather than few-layer graphene films and examine how its doping level, which can be changed flexibly via electrostatic gating, affects the DFG efficiency. Since monolayer graphene is a centrosymmetric material, the symmetry certainly has to be broken so that the DFG effect may arise due to the electricdipole-allowed process of three-wave mixing.…”

Multilayer graphene fundamental wave mixer under DC voltage bias

“…In 2018, Chen and Fang developed a low-conversion loss (CL) highisolation graphene subharmonic mixer with inductorcapacitor resonator (LCR) and microstrip reflector stubs (MRS). 15 The minimum CL measured at the local oscillator (LO) power of 16 dBm is about 19.2 dB, and the isolation between ports was better than 30 dB. According to the literature, 16,17 the linear energy dispersion of carries will lead to a strong nonlinear electromagnetic response of graphene: electromagnetic excitation will stimulate graphene to generate high frequency harmonics.…”