Low-contrast letter charts in early diabetic retinopathy, ocular hypertension, glaucoma, and Parkinson's disease.

Regan, D.; Neima, David

doi:10.1136/bjo.68.12.885

Cited by 145 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…A variety of alterations in the VCS spatial-frequency profile have been observed in ocular diseases such as glaucoma, which manifests a low spatial-frequency deficit (70)(71)(72), macular disease (73,74), retinitis pigmentosa (75)(76)(77)(78), type 1 diabetes before observable retinopathy (79)(80)(81), and other distal visual conditions (82,83). With damage more proximal to the visual cortex, VCS deficits have been observed in cases of optic nerve neuropathy (84), optic nerve compression (85), and cerebral lesions (86). Patients that have recovered from optic neuritis with normal visual acuity retain severe deficits in VCS (87).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apartment residents' and day care workers' exposures to tetrachloroethylene and deficits in visual contrast sensitivity.

Schreiber¹,

Hudnell²,

Geller³

et al. 2002

Environ Health Perspect

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Tetrachloroethylene (also called perchloroethylene, or perc), a volatile organic compound, has been the predominant solvent used by the dry-cleaning industry for many years. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) classified perc as a hazardous air pollutant because of its potential adverse impact on human health. Several occupational studies have indicated that chronic, airborne perc exposure adversely affects neurobehavioral functions in workers, particularly visual color discrimination and tasks dependent on rapid visual-information processing. A 1995 study by Altmann and colleagues extended these findings, indicating that environmental perc exposure at a mean level of 4,980 microg/m(3) (median=1,360 microg/m(3)) alters neurobehavioral functions in residents living near dry-cleaning facilities. Although the U.S. EPA has not yet set a reference concentration guideline level for environmental exposure to airborne perc, the New York State Department of Health set an air quality guideline of 100 microg/m(3). In the current residential study, we investigated the potential for perc exposure and neurologic effects, using a battery of visual-system function tests, among healthy members of six families living in two apartment buildings in New York City that contained dry-cleaning facilities on the ground floors. In addition, a day care investigation assessed the potential for perc exposure and effects among workers at a day care center located in the same one-story building as a dry-cleaning facility. Results from the residential study showed a mean exposure level of 778 microg/m(3) perc in indoor air for a mean of 5.8 years, and that perc levels in breath, blood, and urine were 1-2 orders of magnitude in excess of background values. Group-mean visual contrast sensitivity (VCS), a measure of the ability to detect visual patterns, was significantly reduced in the 17 exposed study participants relative to unexposed matched-control participants. The groups did not differ in visual acuity, suggesting that the VCS deficit was of neurologic origin. Healthy workers in the day care investigation were chronically exposed to airborne perc at a mean of 2,150 microg/m(3) for a mean of 4.0 years. Again, group-mean VCS, measured 6 weeks after exposure cessation, was significantly reduced in the nine exposed workers relative to matched controls, and the groups did not differ significantly in visual acuity. These results suggested that chronic, environmental exposure to airborne perc adversely affects neurobehavioral function in healthy individuals. Further research is needed to assess the susceptibility of the young and elderly to perc-induced effects, to determine whether persistent solvent-induced VCS deficits are a risk factor for the development of neurologic disease, and to identify the no observable adverse effect level for chronic, environmental, perc exposure in humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apartment residents' and day care workers' exposures to tetrachloroethylene and deficits in visual contrast sensitivity.

Schreiber¹,

Hudnell²,

Geller³

et al. 2002

Environ Health Perspect

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“…Ophthalmological symptoms include blurred vision due to dry eye, and diplopia from convergence insufficiency. Additionally, it has been reported that PD patients present abnormalities in pattern-shift visual evoked potentials (VEP), contrast sensitivity, and colour vision (3)(4)(5) . The human retina contains dopaminergic amacrine and interplexiform cells, which play a regulatory role.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of visual evoked potentials and Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography in Parkinson’s disease: a controlled study

Quagliato¹,

Domingues²,

Quagliato³

et al. 2014

Arquivos Brasileiros De Oftalmologia

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Purpose: The goal of this cross-sectional observational study was to quantify the pattern-shift visual evoked potentials (VEP) and the thickness as well as the volume of retinal layers using optical coherence tomography (OCT) across a cohort of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and age-matched controls. Methods: Forty-three PD patients and 38 controls were enrolled. All participants underwent a detailed neurological and ophthalmologic evaluation. Idiopathic PD cases were included. Cases with glaucoma or increased intra-ocular pressure were excluded. Patients were assessed by VEP and high-resolution Fourier-domain OCT, which quantified the inner and outer thicknesses of the retinal layers. VEP latencies and the thicknesses of the retinal layers were the main outcome measures. Results: The mean age, with standard deviation (SD), of the PD patients and controls were 63.1 (7.5) and 62.4 (7.2) years, respectively. The patients were predominantly in the initial Hoehn-Yahr (HY) disease stages (34.8% in stage 1 or 1.5, and 55.8 % in stage 2). The VEP latencies and the thicknesses as well as the volumes of the retinal inner and outer layers of the groups were similar. A negative correlation between the retinal thickness and the age was noted in both groups. The thickness of the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) was 102.7 μm in PD patients vs. 104.2 μm in controls. Conclusions:The thicknesses of retinal layers, VEP, and RNFL of PD patients were similar to those of the controls. Despite the use of a representative cohort of PD patients and high-resolution OCT in this study, further studies are required to establish the validity of using OCT and VEP measurements as the anatomic and functional biomarkers for the evaluation of retinal and visual pathways in PD patients.

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“…İlk olarak Bodis-Wollner ve Yahr [22] tarafından Parkinson'lularda vizuel evok potansiyel (VEP) değişiklikleri bildirilmiştir. Daha sonraları ise Regan ve Neima [23] tarafından bu hastalarda ilk kez kontrast sensitivitesine azalma olduğu bildirilmiş ve Parkinson'lularda görme sistemi bozuklukları araştırılmaya başlanmıştır [24]. Görme keskinliği ve renkli görmede azalma, kontrast duyarlılığında azalma, kapaklarda kırpma refleksinde ve pupil reaksiyonlarında bozukluklar görme sistemi ile ilgili oluşan bozukluklardır [25].…”

Section: Apoptozisunclassified

Glokom, Parkinson hastalığı ve nörodejenerasyon

Balcı¹,

Eraslan²,

Temel³

2015

Marmara Medical Journal

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ÖZETGlokom, ilerleyici retinal ganglion hücre (RGH) ölümü ile karakterize olup, geri dönüşümsüz görme kaybına neden olan bir hastalıktır. Glokomatöz nörodejenerasyonun patogenezinde göz içi basıncından bağımsız mekanizmalar gündeme gelmiştir ve bu mekanizmalar Alzheimer ve Parkinson hastalığı gibi nörodejeneratif hastalıkların patogenezi ile benzerlikler göstermektedir. Etyopatogenezde ortak noktalar tespit edilmiş olsa da glokom ve nörodejeneratif hastalıklar arasındaki ilişki net değildir. Optik koherens tomografi (OKT), glokomlu hastalarda RGH hasarına bağlı olarak, etkilenen retina sinir lifi tabakasının (RSLT) non-invaziv olarak görüntülenmesini sağlayan bir görüntüleme yöntemidir. Son zamanlarda OKT ile RSLT kalınlık ölçümleri, Parkinson hastalığı gibi nörodejeneratif hastalıklarda da çalışılmaya başlanmıştır. Aksonal hasar varlığında yapısal değişiklikler gösteren RSLT, nörodejenerasyonun invivo olarak tespit edilebilmesi için uygun bir model olmakta ve son zamanlarda glokomla ortak patogenezi olan ve nöron hasarı ile karakterize nörodejeneratif hastalıklarda, RSLT kalınlık ölçümlerinin takibi gündeme gelmektedir.Biz bu yazımızda, glakom, Parkinson hastalığı ve nörodejenerasyon arasındaki ilişikiyi anlatmağa çalıştık. Anahtar kelimeler: Dönüşümsüz görme kaybı, Nörodejeneratif hastalıklar, Nöroprotektif tedavi ABSTRACTGlaucoma is a disease that causes irreversible vision loss characterized by progressive retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death. The mechanisms independent of intraocular pressure are also implicated in glaucomatous degeneration pathogenesis and numerous similarities exist between glaucoma and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Although, there is a common pathway between glaucoma and neurodegenerative disorders, pathogenesis of the relationship between neurodegenerative disorders and glaucoma remains poorly undefined. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), noninvasively quantifies the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) which is effected due to RGC damage in glaucomatous patients. Recently, RNFL thickness measurements have been studied by using OCT in several neurodegenerative conditions, including Parkinson's disease. The RNFL is unique as a model of neurodegeneration where the changes in its structure is represented with axonal damage. RNFL thickness measurements are important in neurodegenerative disorders which are characterized with neuronal loss and have common pathogenesis with glaucoma.In this review, we emphasize the relationship between glaucoma, Parkinson's disease and neurodegeneration.

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Low-contrast letter charts in early diabetic retinopathy, ocular hypertension, glaucoma, and Parkinson's disease.

Cited by 145 publications

References 10 publications

Apartment residents' and day care workers' exposures to tetrachloroethylene and deficits in visual contrast sensitivity.

Apartment residents' and day care workers' exposures to tetrachloroethylene and deficits in visual contrast sensitivity.

Applications of visual evoked potentials and Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography in Parkinson’s disease: a controlled study

Glokom, Parkinson hastalığı ve nörodejenerasyon

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