Low‐carbon generation expansion planning considering flexibility requirements for hosting wind energy

Abstract

The operational flexibility of electric energy systems is one of the essential requirements for integrating a high share of renewable resources. The operational flexibility significantly impacts the mix of new power generation technologies. In this paper, a low‐carbon generation expansion planning (GEP) model is presented to investigate the impacts of flexibility requirements of power systems with a high share of wind energy. An improved clustered unit commitment (CUC) formulation is proposed to capture the flexibility limitation of thermal generating units fully. In this regard, clustered 10‐min ramp up/down limits for operational reserves, flexible‐ramp reserves, and contingency reserves, are introduced. The yearly variations of load and renewable generations preserving the chronological time correlations are included, considering 36 representative days obtained by the clustering approach. Besides, two types of BES devices are considered to investigate the role of BES in the provision of flexibility. The proposed flexible low‐carbon GEP model is formulated as a mixed‐integer programming model, and an optimal expansion plan is obtained using the CPLEX algorithm. By incorporating improved CUC formulation into the low‐carbon GEP model, more profound insight into power systems' flexibility requirement with high wind generation penetration is obtained.

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