Low calorie and carbohydrate diet: to improve the cardiovascular risk indicators in overweight or obese adults with prediabetes

Abstract

Our objective was to evaluate the effects of a moderate calorie and carbohydrate-restricted diet on cardiovascular risk indicators in overweight or obese patients with prediabetes. A clinical trial was conducted in which 86 subjects presenting with overweight or obesity and prediabetes received a personalized diet of 1,200 to 1,700 calories with a distribution of 50 % carbohydrates, 20 % proteins, and 30 % fat. Body weight, fat mass, and lean mass were measured through bioimpedance. Glucose, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured. The measurements were taken at the beginning of, and at, 6 and 12 months during the intervention, and the differences were compared by paired Student's t and χ(2) tests. At 12 months, a significant reduction was noticed in body weight in patients with overweight and obesity (72.4 ± 7.8-69.6 ± 7.5 kg) (85.7 ± 14.8-80.2 ± 12.7 kg) with body mass index (28.2 ± 0.8-27.2 ± 2.1 kg/m(2)) (34.3 ± 3.5-32.1 ± 3.2 kg/m(2)), systolic (120.9 ± 14.2-112.4 ± 11.5 mmHg) (124.1 ± 11.9-115.7 ± 14.0 mmHg), diastolic blood pressures (79.0 ± 9.3-71.8 ± 8.3 mmHg) (80.4 ± 9.0-73.7 ± 13.1 mmHg), glucose (106.0 ± 8.9-95.9 ± 7.5 mg/dL) (107.3 ± 7.0-97.0 ± 8.2 mg/dL), and significant improvement on lipid profile (p < 0.05). The restrictions in the calorie and carbohydrate diet decrease the cardiovascular risk indicators in overweight or obese adults with prediabetes.

Calorie Restriction Supplemented with Fish Oil Ameliorates Abnormal Metabolic Status in Middle-Aged Obese Women: An Open-Label, Parallel-Arm, Controlled Trial

“…This CR regime reduced the BWs of the participants by 5%-10%, which is associated with lower IR and decreased T2D development. Similar findings were observed in a moderately restricted calorie and carbohydrate diet intervention that showed a positive effect on BW loss and MetS characteristics in overweight and obese participants and prediabetic patients [20].…”

“…Nutritional strategies such as CR and changing carbohydrate, protein, and fat consumption are recommended for reducing BW. During a 6-month trial in obese patients, a low carbohydrate diet was associated with BW loss and reduction in cardiovascular risk markers [20]. The dietary plan based on an average restriction of 500 kcal as per the Harris-Benedict formula was used to calculate the BMR in accordance with the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization and World Health Organization guidelines for physical activity [21].…”

Mediterranean-style diet reduces metabolic syndrome components in obese children and adolescents with obesity

“…One of the characteristics of the administered MSD was its high fiber content, which is most likely responsible for the reduction in glucose and lipid levels, as mentioned previously [46]. Similar effects on metabolic indicators have been reported for pre-diabetic Mexican adults following a diet with a 50% reduction in carbohydrates and higher fruit, vegetable, and fiber content [47] The fiber consumption in the MSD group was greater than 16 g. This is similar to the value reported for a population on a diet with many food items typical of a Mediterranean diet [48].…”

Identification of impaired fasting glucose, healthcare utilization and progression to diabetes in the UK using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD)

“…Nevertheless, progression from prediabetes to diabetes can be prevented or delayed by interventions such as weight loss, lifestyle changes, and pharmacologic treatment with metformin . These types of interventions among patients with prediabetes have been proven not only to decrease the risk for developing diabetes but also to reduce the risk for cardiovascular disease …”

“…[6][7][8][9][10] These types of interventions among patients with prediabetes have been proven not only to decrease the risk for developing diabetes but also to reduce the risk for cardiovascular disease. [11][12][13][14] A majority of published studies of prediabetes have been based on prospective epidemiologic investigations or clinical trials, in which standardized collection of blood samples was performed at study baseline and pre-specified time intervals. 9,[15][16][17] Few studies have used real-world data to identify patients with prediabetes and to characterize their healthcare utilization or disease progression.…”