Low BTU Fuels for Gas Turbines

Schiefer, R. B.; Sullivan, D. A.

doi:10.1115/74-gt-21

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Perhaps the key point to be made here is that the hydrogen content generally exceeds 15 percent by volume which is the minimum value set by the author's company for its heavy-duty gas turbines. These levels of hydrogen 1 Numbers in parentheses designate References at end of paper. are typical for gasification fuels, and it is this characteristic, more than any other, which makes these fuels acceptable in gas turbines.…”

Section: Flammabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternate Fuels Capability of Gas Turbines in the Process Industry

Hefner

1976

Volume 1B: General

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As we move into the latter 1970’s and early 1980’s, we can anticipate a period of continuing uncertainty in availability of fuel supplies for the process industry. Even though the overall picture is unclear, there are some aspects of the total problem that are predictable, with a reasonable degree of confidence. One of the developments that can be predicted on the domestic scene is the unavailability of natural gas as an industrial fuel. Short supplies of this resource have significantly limited the installation of new facilities utilizing natural gas as a fuel supply, as well as creating a need to convert existing equipment to use alternate supplies of fuel where uninterruptable sources of natural gas are no longer available. This paper discusses the fuel flexibility of heavy-duty gas turbines and is a status report on the capability of today’s equipment. In addition, techniques for evaluating alternate gas turbine fuels including requirements for cleanliness, combustion properties, physical properties, composition, performance and emissions characteristics, etc., are discussed. Fuels which are covered include: Gasification Process Derived Fuels, By-Product Gases, Distillate Oil, Crude Oil, Residual Oil, Vaporized Liquid Fuels, and Liquefied Coal Products.

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Section: Flammabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternate Fuels Capability of Gas Turbines in the Process Industry

Hefner

1976

Volume 1B: General

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“…Early combustor rig tests demonstrated that low-Btu gas could be burned efficiently in a gas turbine [Crouch et al, 1974]. Potential benefits of coal gas, including low thermal NOx emissions and low flame radiation, were also recognized [Schiefer and Sullivan, 1974].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulations of Low-Btu Coal Gas Combustion in a Gas Turbine Combustor

Agrawal

Yang

1991

Volume 3: Coal, Biomass and Alternative Fuels; Combustion and Fuels; Oil and Gas Applications; Cycle Innovations

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A numerical model for turbulent reacting flow is described and applied for predictions in an industrial gas turbine combustor operating on low-Btu coal gas. The model, based on fast-reaction limit, used Favre averaged conservation equations with the standard k-c model of turbulence. Effects of turbulent fluctuations on chemistry are described statistically in terms of the mean, variance and probability density function (assumed to be fldistribution) of the mixture fraction.Two types of geometric approximations, namely axisymmetric and three-dimensional, were used to model the combustor. Computations were performed with (a) no swirl (b) weak swirl and (c) strong swirl at the fuel and primary air inlets. Essentially, the same bulk mean temperature distributions were obtained for axisymmetric and three-dimensional calculations while the computed pattern factors and the liner wall temperatures for the two differed significantly. Complete combustion was predicted with strong swirl, a result supported by the available test data. The maximum liner wall temperature predicted for three-dimensional calculations compared favorably with the experimental data while the predicted maximum exhaust gas temperature differed by =120 K . The difference was attributed to measurement uncertainties, model assumptions and lack of accurate data at the inlets. The maximum flame temperature was below 1,850 K indicating that thermal NOx may be insignificant.

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Experimental Evaluation of a Low NOx LBG Combustor Using Bypass Air

Nakata

Sato

Ninomiya

et al. 1990

Volume 3: Coal, Biomass and Alternative Fuels; Combustion and Fuels; Oil and Gas Applications; Cycle Innovations

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A 150-MW, 1300°C (1573 K) class gas turbine combustor firing coalgasified fuel has been designed. Main purpose of the present paper is first to estimate CO and NOx emissions, and second to discuss the low NOx combusion technology burning such a low-BTU gas. The full-scale, atmospheric-pressure combustion tests were conducted over a wide range of conditions using bypass air.The results are summarized as follows: (1) A designed combustor has an excellent combustion efficiency of 99.6 percent even when the calorific value of fuel drops to 650 kcal/m 3 N.(2) CO and NOx emissions can be estimated by the air ratio in primary combustion zone. (3) The role of air bypass valve is important for low NOx combustion, and to give stable combustion at lower load conditions. (4) Ammonia conversion to NOx is minimized with a optimum air ratio in primary combustion zone.

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Low BTU Fuels for Gas Turbines

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Alternate Fuels Capability of Gas Turbines in the Process Industry

Alternate Fuels Capability of Gas Turbines in the Process Industry

Numerical Simulations of Low-Btu Coal Gas Combustion in a Gas Turbine Combustor

Experimental Evaluation of a Low NOx LBG Combustor Using Bypass Air

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