Low Body Mass Index without Malnutrition Is an Independent Risk Factor for Major Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Hemodialysis

Abstract

We retrospectively analyzed major cardiovascular events (MACE), a composite of cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, unplanned revascularization, heart failure leading to hospitalization, and stroke during a 3-year follow-up of patients with hemodialysis at the dialysis center of our general hospital that can treat comprehensive diseases. Moreover, we conducted an exploratory study that focuses on the risk factor for MACE in patients with hemodialysis.A total of 132 patients with hemodialysis at our dialysis center as of June 2017 were included in the study. Data on event incidence, including death and various clinical indicators, were collected in the electronic medical record for three years until June 2020. Between June 2017 and June 2020, of the 132 patients with hemodialysis, 31 patients experienced MACE (10 cardiovascular deaths, 3 nonfatal myocardial infarction, 11 unplanned revascularizations, 5 heart failure leading to hospitalization, and 2 stroke). The patients with MACE had a lower body mass index (BMI), longer duration of dialysis with more preexisting gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, and took more aspirin compared to the MACE-free patients. Malnutrition markers (serum total protein, serum albumin, and serum total cholesterol) were similar in both groups. In a univariate analysis for MACE, the odds ratio was significantly higher for BMI < 18.5, duration of hemodialysis, and history of GI bleeding. Multivariableadjusted odds ratios for MACE were significantly higher for BMI < 18.5.In conclusion, BMI < 18.5 without malnutrition may be an independent risk factor for MACE in patients with hemodialysis.