Low birth weight and reduced renal volume in aboriginal children

Spencer, J L; Wang, Zhiqiang; Hoy, Wendy E.

doi:10.1016/s0272-6386(05)80006-x

Cited by 111 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Likewise, intrauterine growth retardation is associated with decreased renal mass and low nephron number (16,17). For example, Australian Aboriginal children have, on average, lower birth weights and smaller kidneys than white children (18). This population has been shown to have kidneys with fewer nephrons and to more frequently develop hypertension, proteinuria, and chronic renal failure (18,19).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Australian Aboriginal children have, on average, lower birth weights and smaller kidneys than white children (18). This population has been shown to have kidneys with fewer nephrons and to more frequently develop hypertension, proteinuria, and chronic renal failure (18,19). Similarly, Zhang et al (10) have shown that a common variant of the RET gene is associated with reduced KS in newborns and in the number of glomeruli, as measured in autopsy specimens of children that died before the age of 3 months.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serum Creatinine Levels Are Significantly Influenced by Renal Size in the Normal Pediatric Population

Zazzo¹,

Stringini²,

Matteucci³

et al. 2011

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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SummaryBackground and objectives Clinical and experimental data have shown that differences in nephron endowment result in differences in renal mass and predisposition to chronic renal failure, hypertension, and proteinuria. We hypothesized that a significant proportion of the variance in GFR, as estimated by serum creatinine, is attributable to differences in renal size in normal children.Design, setting, participants, & measurements A total of 1748 normal renal ultrasounds that were performed in children older than 6 months were reviewed. For each ultrasound, serum creatinine, serum blood urea nitrogen, and systolic and diastolic office BP were recorded. Renal size was evaluated as a function of renal length and thickness. All data were normalized for height, weight, age, and gender.Results When expressed as SD scores, a significant correlation was found between kidney size and serum creatinine (P Ͻ 0.0001) and between kidney size and serum blood urea nitrogen (P Ͻ 0.002). When dividing kidney size data per quintiles, a difference of 0.51 SD score in serum creatinine was observed between the lowest and highest quintile. No significant correlation was found with office BP measurements.Conclusions These data show that, even in the normal pediatric population, differences in renal function are significantly explained by differences in renal mass. Methodologic limitations of this study are likely to underestimate this relationship.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Creatinine Levels Are Significantly Influenced by Renal Size in the Normal Pediatric Population

Zazzo¹,

Stringini²,

Matteucci³

et al. 2011

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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“…Fetal renal growth is at maximum between 26 and 34 wk, and nephrogenesis is completed by 32 to 34 wk (21). A nephron deficit at birth therefore will persist throughout life (22,23). Reduced nephron endowment may lead to compensatory hypertrophy and hyperperfusion of remaining nephrons, leading to hyperfiltration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Birth Weight and Creatinine Clearance in Young Adult Twins

Gielen¹,

Pinto‐Sietsma²,

Zeegers³

et al. 2005

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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Previous studies have shown that low birth weight (LBW) is a risk factor for renal impairment in adult life. The effects of LBW and renal function were studied by using twins, which allows distinguishing among fetoplacental, maternal, and genetic influences. Perinatal data were obtained at birth, and absolute creatinine clearance (not corrected for body surface area) was measured at a mean age of 25.6 yr in 653 individuals. Twins were considered both as individuals and as members of twin pairs. Statistical analyses were performed with and without adjusting for gestational age, zygosity, gender, age, body mass index, glucose level, BP, and smoking status. Creatinine clearance was 4 ml/min lower in twins with LBW (<2500 g) than in twins with a high birth weight (P < 0.04, adjusted). Intrapair birth weight difference correlated positively with the intrapair difference in creatinine clearance equally in monozygotic and dizygotic twins (r ‫؍‬ 0.35, P < 0.0001; r ‫؍‬ 0.43, P < 0.0001, respectively). This suggests that fetoplacental factors are related to renal function and that genetic factors are less important. There was no significant difference in creatinine clearance between twins who both had LBW as compared with twins who both had a high birth weight. This may suggest that maternal factors, which influence the relation between LBW and renal function, are less important. LBW is related to a lower creatinine clearance at adult age. This relationship is probably due to fetoplacental factors. Surprising, genetic and maternal factors seem less important.

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“…Many human studies demonstrate that IUGR is associated with a significant reduction in nephron number (37,38,39). Human studies show there are about 1 million nephrons on average in each normal kidney, with large variations depending on the counting methodology used (40,41,42).…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Fetal Programming Birth Weight Nephron Numbermentioning

confidence: 99%