Low Birth Weight and Male Reproductive Function

Main, Katharina M.; Jensen, Rikke Beck; Asklund, Camilla; Høi-Hansen, Christina Engel; Ne, Skakkebæk

doi:10.1159/000091516

Cited by 72 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 159 publications

(113 reference statements)

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“…Hypospadias is the most common fetal genital malformation, occurring in 0.5%-4% of male newborns [33]. It is significantly correlated with the presence of IUGR [37,38], and no infectious etiology is known [39]. The second newborn had Potter syndrome (newborn of patient 50), which usually leads to lung hypoplasia and early neonatal death [40,41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing Q Fever during Pregnancy: The Benefits of Long-Term Cotrimoxazole Therapy

Carcopino¹,

Raoult²,

Bretelle³

et al. 2007

Clinical Infectious Diseases

127

181

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Background. Q fever is a zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii. During pregnancy, it may result in obstetric complications, such as spontaneous abortion, intrauterine growth retardation, intrauterine fetal death, and premature delivery. Pregnant women are exposed to the risk of chronic Q fever.Methods. We included 53 pregnant women who received a diagnosis of Q fever. We compared the incidence of obstetric and maternal Q fever complications for women who received long-term cotrimoxazole treatment ( ) with that for women who did not receive long-term cotrimoxazole treatment ( ); long-term n p 16 n p 37 cotrimoxazole treatment was defined as oral administration of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole during at least 5 weeks of pregnancy.Results. Obstetric complications were observed in 81.1% of pregnant women who did not receive long-term cotrimoxazole therapy: 5 (13.5%) women experienced spontaneous abortions, 10 (27%) experienced intrauterine growth retardation, 10 (27%) experienced intrauterine fetal death, and 10 (27%) experienced premature delivery. Oligoamnios was observed in 4 patients (10.8%). Obstetric complications were found to occur significantly more often in patients infected during their first trimester of pregnancy than in those infected later ( ). The P p .032 outcome of the pregnancy was found to depend on placental infection by C. burnetii ( ). Long-term P p .013 cotrimoxazole treatment protected against maternal chronic Q fever ( ), placental infection ( ), P p .001 P p .038 and obstetric complications ( ), especially intrauterine fetal death ( ), which was found to be related P p .009 P p .018 to placental infection ( ). P p .008 Conclusions. Q fever during pregnancy results in severe obstetric complications, including oligoamnios. Because of its ability to protect against placental infection, intrauterine fetal death, and maternal chronic Q fever, longterm cotrimoxazole treatment should be used to treat pregnant women with Q fever.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing Q Fever during Pregnancy: The Benefits of Long-Term Cotrimoxazole Therapy

Carcopino¹,

Raoult²,

Bretelle³

et al. 2007

Clinical Infectious Diseases

127

181

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“…These cells are believed to originate from primordial germ cells or fetal gonocytes that have failed to differentiate and mature into spermatogonia. Low birth weight is a common risk factor for testicular cancer, hypospadias, and cryptorchidism (290). In turn, each component of the TDS shares risk factors linked to each other, including poor semen quality and testicular cancer.…”

Section: Reproductive Tract Abnormalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small for Gestational Age: Short Stature and Beyond

et al. 2007

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Depending on the definitions used, up to 10% of all live-born neonates are small for gestational age (SGA). Although the vast majority of these children show catch-up growth by 2 yr of age, one in 10 does not. It is increasingly recognized that those who are born SGA are at risk of developing metabolic disease later in life. Reduced fetal growth has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of insulin resistance, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The majority of pathology is seen in adults who show spontaneous catch-up growth as children. There is evidence to suggest that some of the metabolic consequences of intrauterine growth retardation in children born SGA can be mitigated by ensuring early appropriate catch-up growth, while avoiding excessive weight gain. Implicitly, this argument questions current infant formula feeding practices. The risk is less clear for individuals who do not show catch-up growth and who are treated with GH for short stature. Recent data, however, suggest that long-term treatment with GH does not increase the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the metabolic syndrome in young adults born SGA. (Endocrine Reviews 28: 219 -251, 2007)

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“…Pathologic studies of testicular tumor cells suggest that germ cell testicular cancer may already be developing during fetal life if precursor cells of the spermatogonia escape normal development and retain some stem cell characteristics (2). Two mechanisms have been suggested to trigger such maldifferentiation: intrauterine growth retardation and fetal exposure to altered levels of sex hormones, particularly to increased levels of hormones with estrogenic effects (3,4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gestational Hypertension, Preeclampsia, and Risk of Testicular Cancer

Pettersson

Richiardi²,

Cnattingius³

et al. 2008

Cancer Research

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Altered levels of pregnancy hormones have been suggested to initiate testicular cancer prenatally in the male fetus. The placenta is the main source of pregnancy hormones, and pregnancy hypertension and preeclampsia are associated with placental malfunction, including altered levels of hormones such as estrogen and human chorionic gonadotropin. We therefore evaluated fetal exposure to pregnancy hypertension and preeclampsia in relation to risk of testicular cancer in adolescent and adult life. We identified 293 cases of germ cell testicular cancer in the Swedish Cancer Register, and 861 controls in the Swedish Medical Birth Register. The standardized antenatal and delivery charts of the cases and controls were traced in the archives of the delivery units, and information about maternal and pregnancy characteristics such as gestational hypertension, proteinuria, anemia, and glucosuria were extracted. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using conditional logistic regression. We found a strongly decreased risk of testicular cancer among subjects exposed to severe gestational hypertension (OR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.12-0.74, compared with no hypertension), whereas the risk was increased among those exposed to mild gestational hypertension (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 0.98-2.69) during the fetal period. The mechanism behind the association between pregnancy hypertension and testicular cancer is unclear, but our findings may reflect a potentially protective effect of the altered pregnancy hormones such as human chorionic gonadotropin that occur in severe gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. [Cancer Res 2008;68(21):8832-6]

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Low Birth Weight and Male Reproductive Function

Cited by 72 publications

References 159 publications

Managing Q Fever during Pregnancy: The Benefits of Long-Term Cotrimoxazole Therapy

Managing Q Fever during Pregnancy: The Benefits of Long-Term Cotrimoxazole Therapy

Small for Gestational Age: Short Stature and Beyond

Gestational Hypertension, Preeclampsia, and Risk of Testicular Cancer

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