Low back pain in schoolchildren: occurrence and characteristics

Watson, Kath; Papageorgiou, Ann C.; Jones, Gareth T; Taylor, Stewart J.; Symmons, Deborah; Silman, Alan J.; Macfarlane, Gary J.

doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(02)00008-8

Cited by 305 publications

(257 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The difficulty in determining the prevalence of back pain in the pediatric population in part may be related to the following: 1) differences among practitioners in defining back pain, 2) variability in the time period assessed, 14,15 and 3) the small number of prospective studies on the epidemiology of low back pain in children. 16 For example, while some articles refer to back pain in general 11,15,17,18 others refer exclusively to low back pain 4,5,19 or to nonspecific back pain.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging of Back Pain in Children

Rodriguez¹,

Poussaint²

2009

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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SUMMARY:While back pain presents less frequently in children than in adults, it still poses a significant clinical challenge with respect to making a firm diagnosis and developing an effective treatment plan. When children have back pain and medical attention is sought, an underlying pathology is usually suspected. Pediatric patients are evaluated, first, with a complete clinical history and examination and, second, by an imaging work-up that is based on initial findings, including the child's age and size, signs and symptoms, and suspected etiology. This article describes 1) the epidemiology of back pain in children, 2) the imaging work-up used, and 3) the correlation of imaging findings with disease entities that may cause back pain in the pediatric patient. The list of diseases giving rise to back pain is not meant to be exhaustive but rather reflective of the most commonly identified pathologies and disorders among young children and adolescents, from athletic injuries to lethal cancers.ABBREVIATIONS: ALARA ϭ as low as reasonably achievable; ESR ϭ erythrocyte sedimentation rate; FSE ϭ fast spin-echo; 18 F ϭ fluorine 18; LCH ϭ Langerhans cell histiocytosis; LDH ϭ lactate dehydrogenase; MBP ϭ mechanical back pain; PET ϭ positron-emission tomography; RFA ϭ radio-frequency ablation, SPECT ϭ single-photon emission computed tomography; STIR ϭ short tau inversion recovery; 99m Tc-MDP ϭ technetium 99m methylene diphosphonate; WHO ϭ World Health Organization B ack pain in children presents less frequently than in adults. The incidence of back pain in adults has been estimated to be as high as 60%-80% 1 ; the actual incidence of back pain in children, however, is unknown. Back pain in children presenting to the emergency department was originally thought to be an uncommon complaint, 2 reflecting significant underlying pathology compared with adults. Although recent studies have shown an increased prevalence of back pain in children, [3][4][5][6][7] relatively few patients receive medical attention.

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Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging of Back Pain in Children

Rodriguez¹,

Poussaint²

2009

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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“…Estudos têm demonstrado que indivíduos que apresentam dor lombar na infância e adolescência são acometidos também na vida adulta, o que originou maior interesse em investigar suas causas já nas idades iniciais 7,8 . Sendo a dor lombar comum na adolescência e, sabendo-se que um percentual considerável (em torno de 25%) apresenta sintomas persistentes, a capacidade de identificar as crianças e adolescentes que estão em risco fornece uma base de reflexão para intervenções preventivas 9 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Ocorrência de dor lombar e fatores associados em crianças e adolescentes de uma escola privada do sul do Brasil

et al. 2013

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Estudos têm demonstrado que indivíduos que apresentam dor lombar na infância e adolescência são acometidos também na vida adulta, reforçando a importância de que as causas sejam investigadas desde a idade escolar. Avaliou-se a ocorrência de dor lombar e fatores associados em 770 escolares de 7 a 17 anos de idade de uma escola privada de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A dor lombar foi definida como dor ou desconforto na região lombar no último mês e avaliada por meio de questionário. A ocorrência de dor lombar foi de 31,6%, sendo mais prevalente no sexo feminino (41,9%) do que no masculino (21,4%). Os fatores associados à dor lombar foram sexo feminino, idade de 9 a 17 anos e os aspectos psicossociais hiperatividade (categorias limítrofe e anormal) e sintomas emocionais (categoria anormal). O mapeamento da ocorrência de dor lombar, bem como a investigação de seus fatores associados é de fundamental importância para a identificação de crianças e adolescentes em risco e para o desenvolvimento de programas eficazes de prevenção primária.

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“…A significant proportion of these children will eventually experience pain consequences in the form of activity limitations, health care consultations and school absenteeism [27,37]. Previous long-term follow-up studies have found that children with LBP are at an increased risk of having back pain in adult life compared to their peers with no back pain [7,14,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and environmental influences on non-specific low back pain in children: a twin study

et al. 2008

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Aggregation of low back symptoms in families of children with low back pain (LBP) has been described. However, this may be due to genetic factors or common exposure to environmental factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors to childhood LBP by comparing the pairwise similarity of LBP in pairs of monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twin children. Data was collected from 1995 to 1998 from a national sample of Finnish 11-year-old twins born between 1984 and 1987. This study sample constituted of 1,790 twin pairs: 610 MZ pairs, 598 same-sex DZ pairs, 582 opposite-sex DZ pairs. LBP pain was determined by using a validated pain questionnaire designed to assess musculoskeletal pains during the preceding 3 months. The outcome measure, LBP, was considered in three categories: none, once a month and at least once a week. Twin similarity in the report of LBP was quantified by correlations. Variance components for genetic and environmental factors were estimated by using biometric structural equation modelling techniques. The prevalence of LBP at least once a month was 15.7%, and at least once a week was 6.6%. The prevalence of frequent LBP in boys was significantly higher than that in girls (P = 0.04). In both genders, there were no differences in LBP reporting by zygosity (P [ 0.2). There were no statistically significant differences between polychoric correlations in male MZ and DZ pairs and between polychoric correlations in female MZ and DZ pairs, suggesting little genetic influence. Results obtained from the best-fitting genetic model suggests that, of the total variance in LBP, 41% (95% CI 34-48) could be attributed to shared environmental factors within families; and 59% (52-66) to unique (unshared) environmental factors. Our results suggest that genetic factors play, at most, a minor role in LBP in children; instead, symptoms seem to be related to a mixture of shared and unshared environmental factors. This study underscore the need for further highquality research, preferably prospective studies, to identify important modifiable risk factors in order to guide interventions that may prevent LBP in childhood.

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Low back pain in schoolchildren: occurrence and characteristics

Cited by 305 publications

References 14 publications

Imaging of Back Pain in Children

Imaging of Back Pain in Children

Ocorrência de dor lombar e fatores associados em crianças e adolescentes de uma escola privada do sul do Brasil

Genetic and environmental influences on non-specific low back pain in children: a twin study

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