Low-Angle Laser Light Scattering—Rayleigh Factors and Depolarization Ratios

Kaye, Wilbur; McDaniel, James B.

doi:10.1364/ao.13.001934

Cited by 104 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Alternatively, τ inst can be measured using a light scattering standard, such as toluene, that has a previously known Rayleigh ratio. 8,9 To do so, it is convenient to note that Eqs. (19) and (28) can be combined to yield…”

Section: B the Instrumental Time Constantmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the design of experiments for determining ternary mixture free energies from static light scattering data using a nonlinear partial differential equation

Wahle

Ross

Thurston

2012

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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We mathematically design sets of static light scattering experiments to provide for modelindependent measurements of ternary liquid mixing free energies to a desired level of accuracy. A parabolic partial differential equation (PDE), linearized from the full nonlinear PDE [D. Ross, G. Thurston, and C. Lutzer, J. Chem. Phys. 129, 064106 (2008)], describes how data noise affects the free energies to be inferred. The linearized PDE creates a net of spacelike characteristic curves and orthogonal, timelike curves in the composition triangle, and this net governs diffusion of information coming from light scattering measurements to the free energy. Free energy perturbations induced by a light scattering perturbation diffuse along the characteristic curves and towards their concave sides, with a diffusivity that is proportional to the local characteristic curvature radius. Consequently, static light scattering can determine mixing free energies in regions with convex characteristic curve boundaries, given suitable boundary data. The dielectric coefficient is a Lyapunov function for the dynamical system whose trajectories are PDE characteristics. Information diffusion is heterogeneous and system-dependent in the composition triangle, since the characteristics depend on molecular interactions and are tangent to liquid-liquid phase separation coexistence loci at critical points. We find scaling relations that link free energy accuracy, total measurement time, the number of samples, and the interpolation method, and identify the key quantitative tradeoffs between devoting time to measuring more samples, or fewer samples more accurately. For each total measurement time there are optimal sample numbers beyond which more will not improve free energy accuracy. We estimate the degree to which many-point interpolation and optimized measurement concentrations can improve accuracy and save time. For a modest light scattering setup, a sample calculation shows that less than two minutes of measurement time is, in principle, sufficient to determine the dimensionless mixing free energy of a non-associating ternary mixture to within an integrated error norm of 0.003. These findings establish a quantitative framework for designing light scattering experiments to determine the Gibbs free energy of ternary liquid mixtures.

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Section: B the Instrumental Time Constantmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As an example, for the commonly used light scattering standard toluene, 8 estimating 0 = 0.176nm 3 and using λ = 632.8nm and the corresponding value (R tot ) v,v = 1.40 × 10 −5 cm −1 , we obtain…”

Section: B the Instrumental Time Constantmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the design of experiments for determining ternary mixture free energies from static light scattering data using a nonlinear partial differential equation

Wahle

Ross

Thurston

2012

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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“…toluene (Wyatt, 1993;Santos & Castanho, 1996) is used. Nowadays, a R θ of 1.402 x 10 5 cm -1 obtained at 90° using 632.8 nm laser light (Kaye & McDaniel, 1974) (Itakura et al, 2005). Again, to obtain comparable molecular weight data for interlab comparisons, information about the Rayleigh ratio used must be included.…”

Section: W Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Chemical Structure and Physicochemical Properties of Chitin- and Chitosan-Based Materials on Their Biomedical Activity

Kumirska¹,

Weinhold²,

Czerwicka³

et al. 2011

Biomedical Engineering, Trends in Materials Science

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“…Such thermal gradients were repressed by applying a flexible heating mantle to the external cylindrical surface of the vat housing, and controlling the mantle temperature at a few degrees Celsius below the experimental temperature. The mantle was specially constructed for this apparatus, and the control provided by As noted earlier, Kaye and McDaniel [26] determined the value R V =12.63x10 -6 for benzene under these optical conditions, with a standard uncertainty of 0.21x10 -6 . The product of ratios, [I 90 (GLASS)/I 90 (BENZENE)] and [I 90 (TCB)/I 90 (GLASS)] gave a value of S 21 .…”

Section: Refractive Indices Of Solvent and Calibrantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Certification of the relative molecular mass and the intrinsic viscosity of SRM 2885, a polyethylene

Guttman¹,

Maurey²,

Blair³

et al. 2000

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According to ISO 31-8, the term "Molecular Weight" has been replaced by Relative Molecular Mass, symbol M r . Thus, if this nomenclature and notation were followed in this publication, one should write M r,w instead of the historically conventional M w for the weight average molecular weight with similar changes for M n , M z , and M v . M w would be called the "Mass Average Relative Molecular Mass." The conventional notation, rather than the ISO notation, has been used in this publication.Final report prepared for the sponsors, the NIST Standard Reference Materials Program (SRMP).

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Low-Angle Laser Light Scattering—Rayleigh Factors and Depolarization Ratios

Cited by 104 publications

References 8 publications

On the design of experiments for determining ternary mixture free energies from static light scattering data using a nonlinear partial differential equation

On the design of experiments for determining ternary mixture free energies from static light scattering data using a nonlinear partial differential equation

Influence of the Chemical Structure and Physicochemical Properties of Chitin- and Chitosan-Based Materials on Their Biomedical Activity

Certification of the relative molecular mass and the intrinsic viscosity of SRM 2885, a polyethylene

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