Low and high thermal tolerance characteristics for unfed larvae of the winter tick Dermacentor albipictus (Acari: Ixodidae) with special reference to moose

Holmes, Christopher J.; Dobrotka, Cameron J.; Farrow, David W.; Rosendale, Andrew J.; Benoit, Joshua B.; Pekins, Peter J.; Yoder, Jay A.

doi:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2017.10.013

Cited by 29 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Long dry seasons or very low temperatures limit development and survival of parasites in the environment and, as a result, host contact and parasite transmission. In addition, during the dry season, hosts shed far fewer parasite propagules into the environment than during the wet season (Holmes et al 2018;Kutz et al 2014;Turner and Getz 2010). Climate change affects hosts, vectors, parasites, vegetation, abiotic elements of the ecosystem, and many of the associations among these that affect the parasite web and parasite flow (Cable et al 2017).…”

Section: Climate and Seasonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting the spread of parasites in populations of wild European terrestrial mammals

Kołodziej‐Sobocińska

2019

Mamm Res

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There are many different factors involved in parasitism. The general concept of Bfilters^proposed by Combes includes Bencounter filters^(behavior, biodiversity) and Bcompatibility filters^(resources, defense) to explain mechanisms responsible for the formation of host-parasite coexistence. However, researches explaining the reasons for the spread and dynamics of parasites in populations of wild terrestrial mammals in Europe and the specific factors affecting prevalence and intensity of parasitosis are limited. Many factors, ecological, biological, and anthropogenic, form a complex network of interdependencies that shape this pattern. Here, I summarize the current state of knowledge on the factors affecting parasitic diseases in wild mammals inhabiting the European continent. It indicates the need to further development, not only for academic reasons, but also for the benefit of use in management of wild mammal species and disease control in nature.

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Section: Climate and Seasonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting the spread of parasites in populations of wild European terrestrial mammals

Kołodziej‐Sobocińska

2019

Mamm Res

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“…Nonetheless, climate constraints seem not to be a limiting factor for Dermacentor spp. Dispersal because they have an efficient water balance, which enables them to colonize new environments [80,85]. This resistance to desiccation combined with the association of adult Dermacentor ticks with wide distributed hosts [26] could explain the board distribution in Mexico (Figure 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological Niche Models of Four Hard Tick Genera (Ixodidae) in Mexico

Emilio

Moreno-Arzate

López‐González

2020

Animals

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Simple Summary: Vector-borne diseases currently represent a significant threat to public health, mainly due to the changes that humans are producing in ecosystems and climates. Analyzing the environmental conditions that allow the establishment and survival of ticks could help determine possible sites for the appearance of infectious outbreaks. In this study, nine ecological niche models were generated from different algorithms to determine the current potential distribution of four tick genera in Mexico. Temperature and moisture have been considered as the main factors limiting tick distribution. However, the analysis of the ecological niche models determined that the four genera exhibited different distribution patterns, which may be associated with their physiological and ecological differences. This type of analysis can improve our understanding of the dynamics of ticks and, therefore, can be very useful in monitoring programs of the diseases they transmit.Abstract: Ticks are vectors of a large number of pathogens of medical and veterinary importance, and in recent years, they have participated in the rise of multiple infectious outbreaks around the world. Studies have proposed that temperature and precipitation are the main variables that limit the geographical distribution of ticks. The analysis of environmental constraints with ecological niche modeling (ENM) techniques can improve our ability to identify suitable areas for emergence events. Algorithms used in this study showed different distributional patterns for each tick genera; the environmental suitability for Amblyomma includes warm and humid localities below 1000 m above the sea level, while Ixodes is mainly associated with ecosystems with high vegetation cover. Dermacentor and Rhipicephalus genus presented wider distribution patterns; the first includes species that are well adapted to resist desiccation, whereas the latter includes generalist species that are mostly associated with domestic hosts in Mexico. Ecological niche models have proven to be useful in estimating the geographic distribution of many taxa of ticks. Despite our limited knowledge of tick's diversity, ENM can improve our understanding of the dynamics of vector-borne diseases and can assist public health decision-making processes.

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“…Ticks are hardy and can sustain survival for over a year between blood feedings (Lighton and Fielden, 1995; Rosendale et al, 2018). Increased temperatures have been correlated with an increase in metabolic rate as the kinetic processes that influence the biochemical reactions speed up (Addo et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A controversial topic of ectotherms is metabolic cold adaptation, which is a physiological adaptation of elevated basal metabolic rate to cope with temperature fluctuations (Lee et al, 1995). Ticks have a standard metabolic rate that is lower than other arthropods due to a low ratio of actively respiring tissue in relation to their body (Lighton et al, 1995; Rosendale et al, 2018). Metabolic rate was evaluated with all species displaying a peak O 2 consumption rate between 30°C and 40°C.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Varying species of ticks are inept to surviving and acclimating to extreme high and low temperatures, where survival is impaired during short and long term exposure to temperatures that are too high and too low (Holmes et al, 2018). When exposed to such temperature extremes, ticks can become susceptible to dehydration and overheating in the summer, and freezing in the winter (Eisen et al, 2016; Rosendale et al, 2016; Yoder & Benoit 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Larval thermal characteristics of multiple ixodid ticks underlie their range dynamics

Fieler

Rosendale

Farrow

et al. 2019

Preprint

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18Temperature is a major factor that impacts tick populations by limiting geographic range of 19 different species. Little is known about the thermal characteristics of these pests outside of 20 a few studies on survival related to thermal tolerance. In this study, thermal tolerance 21 limits, thermal preference, impact of temperature on metabolic rate, and temperature-22 activity dynamics were examined in larvae for six species of ixodid ticks. Tolerance of low 23 temperatures ranged from -15 to -24°C with Dermacentor andersoni surviving at the lowest 24 temperatures. High temperature survival ranged from 41 to 47 °C, with Rhipicephalus 25 sanguineus having the highest upper lethal limit. Ixodes scapularis showed the lowest 26 survival at both low and high temperatures. Thermal preference temperatures were tested 27 from 0-41°C. D. variabilis exhibited a significant distribution of individuals in the lower 28 temperatures, while the majority of other species gathered around 20-30°C. Activity was 29 measured from 10-60°C, and the highest activity was observed in most species was near 30 30°C. Metabolic rate was the highest for most species around 40°C. Both activity and 31 metabolic rate dropped dramatically at temperatures below 10°C and above 50°C. In 32 summary, tick species vary greatly in their thermal characteristics, and our results will be 33 critical to predict distribution of these ectoparasites with changing climates. 34 35 (Riek et al., 1964). Lyme disease is one of the most commonly reported vector-borne 40 illnesses (Stafford et al., 1998). Spotted fevers such as Rocky Mountain and Rickettsia 41 parkeri are common diseases transmitted by the bacteria Rickettsia found in the saliva of 42 the Dermacentor variabilis, D. andersoni, Amblyomma maculatum and Rhipicephalus 43 sanguineus ticks (Parola et al., 2005). Tick-borne diseases have been consistently on the 44 rise; recent studies have shown that the number of Lyme disease carrying ticks in Iowa has 45 increased from 8% to 23. 5% between 19985% between and 20135% between (Oliver et al., 2017 and the number 46 of Lyme disease cases have been steadily increasing over time (Stafford et al., a1998). In 47

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Low and high thermal tolerance characteristics for unfed larvae of the winter tick Dermacentor albipictus (Acari: Ixodidae) with special reference to moose

Cited by 29 publications

References 21 publications

Factors affecting the spread of parasites in populations of wild European terrestrial mammals

Factors affecting the spread of parasites in populations of wild European terrestrial mammals

Ecological Niche Models of Four Hard Tick Genera (Ixodidae) in Mexico

Larval thermal characteristics of multiple ixodid ticks underlie their range dynamics

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