“…Contextualization of sex within relational contexts, as opposed to recreational contexts, has been most often used to indicate whether sexual partners are in love (relational) or not in love (recreational); identification of these contexts are based on such cues as prior dating behavior, intent to see the sexual partner again, or talk/behavior indicating monogamy, love, or intent to procreate (Mahay, Laumann, & Michaels, 2005; Markle, 2008; Ward, 1995). Brown et al (2013) extended the operationalization of expressions of love to behaviors indicative of romantic tenderness (e.g., caresses, hand-holding) and talk about romantic liking, love, relationship building, and relationship harm, which encompasses a wider range of behaviors and feelings associated with the attitudes of love at the beginning, middle, and end of romantic relationships (Hammock & Richardson, 2011). …”