Loureirin B Promotes Axon Regeneration by Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress: Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Regulating the Akt/GSK-3β Pathway after Spinal Cord Injury

Wang, Qingqing; Cai, Hanxiao; Hu, Zhenxin; Wu, Yanqing; Guo, Xin; Li, Jiawei; Wang, Haoli; Liu, Yani; Liu, Yanlong; Xie, Ling; Xu, Ke; Xu, Huazi; He, Huacheng; Zhang, Hongyu; Xiao, Jian

doi:10.1089/neu.2018.5966

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Wang et al found that microtubule stability is improved by inducing mitochondrial fusion and enhancing mitochondrial function (Wang et al, 2019). Based on our results, morin promotes mitochondrial fusion and increases the relative size of mitochondria (Figure 3a,b).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…The stabilization of microtubules can reduce fibrotic scarring after SCI, enhance the formation of the damaged sensory axon distal growth cone structure, and promote regeneration (Hilton & Bradke, 2017). However, after SCI, the microtubules become unstable and growth cones convert into retraction bulbs (Ruschel & Bradke, 2018; Wang et al, 2019). Therefore, maintaining the stability of microtubules is an important method to promote axonal regeneration and concurrently promote repair after an SCI (He & Jin, 2016; Hilton & Bradke, 2017; Li & Wu, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microtubule stabilization and axon regeneration must be supported by energy, and mitochondria are the main organelles that produce energy, affecting microtubule stability and growth cone migration (Chen et al, 2005; Misko et al, 2010; Rodríguez‐Martín et al, 2016). After neuronal injury, mitochondrial dysfunction inhibits mitochondrial fusion and leads to the instability of microtubules (Burté, Carelli, Chinnery, & Yu‐Wai‐Man, 2015; Wang et al, 2019). Wang et al found that microtubule stability is improved by inducing mitochondrial fusion and enhancing mitochondrial function (Wang et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morin improves functional recovery after spinal cord injury in rats by enhancing axon regeneration via the Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway

Jin

Chu

et al. 2021

Phytotherapy Research

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Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating neurological occurrence that usually leads to a loss of motor and sensory function in patients. Axon regeneration has been reported to be crucial for recovery after trauma to the nervous system. Morin, a natural bioflavonoid obtained from the Moraceae family, has previously been reported to exert neuroprotective effects. In our study, we investigated the protective effects of morin on PC12 cells and primary neurons treated with oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and its function in an SCI model. In vitro experiments showed that treating neuronal cells with morin enhanced axonal regeneration after OGD treatment by regulating microtubule stabilization and protecting mitochondrial function. Mechanistically, morin protected neuronal cells exposed to OGD by activating the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) pathway. An in vivo study illustrated that oral morin administration improved microtubule stability and promoted axon regeneration in SCI rats. Taken together, this study showed that treatment with morin improves functional recovery after SCI and that morin may serve as a potential agent for treating SCI.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morin improves functional recovery after spinal cord injury in rats by enhancing axon regeneration via the Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway

Jin

Chu

et al. 2021

Phytotherapy Research

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“…Xue et al reported that vitexin protects against MI/R injury in rats via regulating mitochondrial function [ 24 ]. LrB, a kind of flavonoid, has been reported to inhibit oxidative stress in osteoblasts and enhance mitochondrial function after spinal cord injury [ 25 , 26 ]. However, the potential effect of LrB on MI/R injury has not been reported yet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loureirin B Alleviates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via Inhibiting PAI-1/TGF-β1/Smad Signaling Pathway

Kong

Zhao

2022

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury is a common clinical problem after myocardial infarction without effective therapy. Loureirin B (LrB) is a kind of flavonoid with anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic activities. However, the effect of LrB on MI/R and its underlying mechanism remains elusive. In the present study, a mouse model of MI/R was established by coronary artery occlusion. Administration of LrB (0.5 mg/kg or 1 mg/kg) for 4 weeks effectively improved left ventricular (LV) function and reduced myocardial infarction in MI/R mice. MI/R-induced expression of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β in the hearts was reduced by LrB treatment. Histological analysis showed that LrB attenuated myocardial collagen deposition. LrB downregulated fibronectin, collagen I, collagen III, and α-SMA expression. Notably, LrB inhibited the expression of profibrotic plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, TGF-β1R, and p-Smad2/3. Consistently, LrB inhibited the activation of TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway and the expression of fibrosis-related proteins in angiotensin (Ang) II-treated cardiac fibroblasts (CFs). Overexpression of PAI-1 abolished the effects of LrB on Ang II-treated CFs, suggesting that LrB may function through regulating PAI-1. These results indicated that LrB may alleviate MI/R-induced myocardial fibrosis by inhibiting PAI-1/TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway. Thus, LrB may be a potential drug in the treatment of MI/R injury.

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“…Although it has been demonstrated that FGF4 could induce 5-HT neurons to develop in the hindbrain 13, no evidence suggests that function in mature neurons. Therefore, we have speculated that FGF4 might have the ability to stimulate the axon regeneration of neuron via regulating microtubule stabilization after spinal cord injury 14, 15. However, as a macromolecular protein, FGF4 has poor ability of penetrating into the blood spinal cord barrier (BSCB).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An injectable heparin-Laponite hydrogel bridge FGF4 for spinal cord injury by stabilizing microtubule and improving mitochondrial function

et al. 2019

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Rationale: Spinal cord injury (SCI) remains a critical clinical challenge. The controlled release of FGF4, a novel neuroprotective factor, from a versatile Laponite hydrogel to the injured site was a promising strategy to promote axon regeneration and motor functional recovery after SCI.Methods: Characterization of Laponite, Laponite/Heparin (Lap/Hep) and Laponite/Heparin loaded with FGF4 (Lap/Hep@FGF4) hydrogels were measured by rheometer. Multiple comprehensive evaluations were used to detect motor functional recovery and the axonal rehabilitation after Lap/Hep@FGF4 treatment in vivo (SCI rat model). Moreover, microtubule dynamic and energy transportation, which regulated axonal regeneration was evaluated by Lap/Hep@FGF4 gel in vitro (primary neuron).Results: FGF4 released from Lap/Hep gel locally achieves strong protection and regeneration after SCI. The Lap/Hep@FGF4 group revealed remarkable motor functional recovery and axonal regrowth after SCI through suppressing inflammatory reaction, increasing remyelination and reducing glial/fibrotic scars. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism of axonal rehabilitation were demonstrated via enhancing microtubule stability and regulating mitochondrial localization after Lap/Hep@FGF4 treatment.Conclusion: This promising sustained release system provides a synergistic effective approach to enhance recovery after SCI underlying a novel mechanism of axonal rehabilitation, and shows a translational prospect for the clinical treatment of SCI.

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Loureirin B Promotes Axon Regeneration by Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress: Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Regulating the Akt/GSK-3β Pathway after Spinal Cord Injury

Cited by 24 publications

References 54 publications

Morin improves functional recovery after spinal cord injury in rats by enhancing axon regeneration via the Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway

Morin improves functional recovery after spinal cord injury in rats by enhancing axon regeneration via the Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway

Loureirin B Alleviates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via Inhibiting PAI-1/TGF-β1/Smad Signaling Pathway

An injectable heparin-Laponite hydrogel bridge FGF4 for spinal cord injury by stabilizing microtubule and improving mitochondrial function

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