Loudness Adaptation in Acoustic and Electric Hearing

Tang, Qing; Liu, Sheng; Zeng, Fan‐Gang

doi:10.1007/s10162-005-0023-6

Cited by 25 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…This occurred most often during high rate stimuli, creating an overall sound environment that was quieter than his tinnitus alone. The phenomenon of adaption of signal with increasing frequency and decreasing loudness level despite rate, place and mode of stimulation has previously been described 5 . The subject also defined each successful stimulus as more pleasant in quality than his tinnitus that was being replaced, regardless of whether the stimulus was administered at a high or low rate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Exploring the Parametric Space of Tinnitus Suppression in a Patient with a Cochlear Implant

Rothholtz¹,

Tang²,

Wu³

et al. 2009

The Laryngoscope

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ABSTRACT:RESULTS :Educational Objective: The participants should be able to understand the potential role of individualized electrical stimulation of the auditory system in the suppression of tinnitus in patients with cochlear implants.Objectives: Tinnitus is a debilitating condition in which one perceives sound in the absence of external stimuli. Most treatments consist of masking the tinnitus with an external sound that is louder than the tinnitus. We hypothesize that there exists a characteristic tinnitus signature map in each individual that, when found, can be utilized to suppress their tinnitus at a level that is significantly softer than the tinnitus itself.Study Design: Prospective randomized single blinded study in a unique individual with a unilateral cochlear implant in an ear with persistent tinnitus and normal hearing in the non-implanted ear.Methods: Monopolar electrical stimulation at rates from 40 Hz to 10 kHz, stimulation levels from threshold to the tinnitus mixing point, and stimulation placement from apex to base were administered over a time period of 3 to 10 minutes. Successful suppression was defined as the complete elimination of the subject's tinnitus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Exploring the Parametric Space of Tinnitus Suppression in a Patient with a Cochlear Implant

Rothholtz¹,

Tang²,

Wu³

et al. 2009

The Laryngoscope

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“…(1), L t is the estimated loudness at time t and L 0 is the estimated initial loudness (Tang et al, 2006;Wynne et al, 2013). Using this normalization, a value of À100% corresponded to an inaudible sound, 0% corresponded to no change in loudness, and positive numbers indicated that the sound became louder over time.…”

Section: A Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2), y(t) is the amount of adaptation at time t, s is an asymptotic saturation value representing the amount of adaptation to an infinitely long stimulus, and s is a "time constant" representing the amount of time required to reach 63% of the asymptotic saturation value (Tang et al, 2006;Wynne et al, 2013). The saturation value was constrained to be between À100% and 0%, and the time constant was constrained to be between 0 and 180 s. Analysis of variance was used to investigate the effects of time and modulation frequency on the normalized loudness estimates.…”

Section: A Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Loudness adaptation to longer tones may be best explained as a change in the entire loudness growth curve, with soft tones getting even softer and loud tones getting slightly louder over time (Tang et al, 2006). The active participation of central structures in intensity-to-loudness conversion thus suggests that adaptation of loudness may result from changes in the responses of these central structures to continued stimulation.…”

Section: B Central Mechanisms Of Loudness Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under most conditions, the apparent loudness of these continuous sounds remains stable (Scharf, 1983;Tang et al, 2006). However, normal-hearing listeners perceive pure tones of extremely high frequency or low intensity to quickly decrease in loudness, often decaying to inaudibility within minutes (Hellman et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Amplitude modulation reduces loudness adaptation to high-frequency tones

Wynne

George

Zeng

2015

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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Long-term loudness perception of a sound has been presumed to depend on the spatial distribution of activated auditory nerve fibers as well as their temporal firing pattern. The relative contributions of those two factors were investigated by measuring loudness adaptation to sinusoidally amplitude-modulated 12-kHz tones. The tones had a total duration of 180 s and were either unmodulated or 100%-modulated at one of three frequencies (4, 20, or 100 Hz), and additionally varied in modulation depth from 0% to 100% at the 4-Hz frequency only. Every 30 s, normal-hearing subjects estimated the loudness of one of the stimuli played at 15 dB above threshold in random order. Without any amplitude modulation, the loudness of the unmodulated tone after 180 s was only 20% of the loudness at the onset of the stimulus. Amplitude modulation systematically reduced the amount of loudness adaptation, with the 100%-modulated stimuli, regardless of modulation frequency, maintaining on average 55%-80% of the loudness at onset after 180 s. Because the present low-frequency amplitude modulation produced minimal changes in long-term spectral cues affecting the spatial distribution of excitation produced by a 12-kHz pure tone, the present result indicates that neural synchronization is critical to maintaining loudness perception over time.

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Temporary Suppression of Tinnitus by Modulated Sounds

Reavis

Rothholtz

Tang

et al. 2012

JARO

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Despite high prevalence of tinnitus and its impact on quality life, there is no cure for tinnitus at present. Here, we report an effective means to temporarily suppress tinnitus by amplitude- and frequency-modulated tones. We systematically explored the interaction between subjective tinnitus and 17 external sounds in 20 chronic tinnitus sufferers. The external sounds included traditionally used unmodulated stimuli such as pure tones and white noise and dynamically modulated stimuli known to produce sustained neural synchrony in the central auditory pathway. All external sounds were presented in a random order to all subjects and at a loudness level that was just below tinnitus loudness. We found some tinnitus suppression in terms of reduced loudness by at least one of the 17 stimuli in 90% of the subjects, with the greatest suppression by amplitude-modulated tones with carrier frequencies near the tinnitus pitch for tinnitus sufferers with relatively normal loudness growth. Our results suggest that, in addition to a traditional masking approach using unmodulated pure tones and white noise, modulated sounds should be used for tinnitus suppression because they may be more effective in reducing hyperactive neural activities associated with tinnitus. The long-term effects of the modulated sounds on tinnitus and the underlying mechanisms remain to be investigated.

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Loudness Adaptation in Acoustic and Electric Hearing

Cited by 25 publications

References 41 publications

Exploring the Parametric Space of Tinnitus Suppression in a Patient with a Cochlear Implant

Exploring the Parametric Space of Tinnitus Suppression in a Patient with a Cochlear Implant

Amplitude modulation reduces loudness adaptation to high-frequency tones

Temporary Suppression of Tinnitus by Modulated Sounds

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