Lossy mode resonance optical sensors based on indium-gallium-zinc oxide thin film

A Comprehensive Review: Materials for the Fabrication of Optical Fiber Refractometers Based on Lossy Mode Resonance

“…Another well-known variant of zinc oxide, indium-gallium-doped zinc oxide (IGZO) has also been studied as a LMR support material [48]. IGZO coatings were fabricated on a 200 µm core diameter MMF and a series of D-shaped fibers with the purpose of fabricating LMR-based refractometers.…”

The impact of ZnO configuration as an external layer on the sensitivity of a bi-layer coated polymer optical fiber probe

“…ZnO and Ag nanolayers as well as their multilayer combination, due to their multifunctional properties such as band-gap tailoring, localized surface plasmon resonance effects, electrochemical stability, non-toxicity and suitability for doping are employed to coat the optical ber probe. [24][25][26][27] An Ag-ZnO nanocomposite coated on POF as an intensity modulated humidity sensor was reported by Jagtap et al They reported that the sensing mechanism is based on the adsorption of water molecules on the coated layer surface, which effectively results in changes in the boundary conditions due to the surface reactional cladding-guide interface and increases the beam connement in the ber which modulates the output intensity. 28 Therefore, the material selection and structure conguration of the coated nanostructure play a crucial role in the sensor performance.…”

Lossy Mode Resonance Generation on Sputtered Aluminum-Doped Zinc Oxide Thin Films Deposited on Multimode Optical Fiber Structures for Sensing Applications in the 1.55 µm Wavelength Range

“…Conversely, materials suitable for LMR exhibit the same permittivity conditions for SPR but with the real part of the permittivity being positive [7,8,9,10,11]. Unlike SPR that occurs in thin films of metallic materials such as gold and silver [12,13,14], LMR can be obtained through a wide range of novel materials, such as polymers, metal oxides, and materials with relatively low absorptions [7,15,16,17,18,19,20]. These materials, when deposited onto optical fibers, support multiple modes (lossy modes) near to the cutoff condition, which are guided through the thin film.…”

“…In this regard, optical fiber setups offer an attractive alternative for development of LMR-based sensors, since it replaces the use of a coupling prism by the fiber core. In this case, the sensing principle is based on the wavelength interrogation method, where the LMR wavelength is detected as a transmission notch (minimum) in response to the incident light provided by a broadband source [7,8,9,10,11,15,16,17,18,19].…”

“…Moreover, LMR fiber sensors have been mainly implemented in transmission configuration [3,8,17,19,20]. In this case, different optical fiber structures, such as tapered fibers [15,25,29], D-type polished optical fibers [12,15], and cladding-removed multimode optical fibers (CRMOFs) [15], among others, have been used in combination with the material coating in order to sense the intended target parameter. The aforementioned structures require the use of techniques such as micromachining and chemical attack, whose processes are usually inaccurate, which is detrimental to the precise study of the generalized characteristics of the sensor, as well as its implementation and repeatability.…”