Lossy Mode Resonance (LMR) Based Fiber Optic Sensors: A Review

Abstract

In the past few decades, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) phenomenon along with optical fiber technology has emerged as a major area of research among the fiber optic sensing research groups. On the other hand, lossy mode resonance (LMR) is another kind of resonance phenomenon recently exploited for fiber optic sensing. LMR has several advantages over the well established SPR such as, free from specific polarization of light and capability of multiple LMR generation. Since LMR phenomenon is nascent for researchers and there are no review articles available till date, in this paper, we review the LMR phenomenon in applications involving sensing and wavelength filtering.

Fabrication of Bragg Gratings on the End Facet of Standard Optical Fibers by Sputtering the Same Material

“…10, and the parameters obtained from simulations are summarized in Table III. Optical constants extracted from the simulated results are in good agreement with the real values obtained by ellipsometry [19], [25], [26] or by other methods [18], as greater values of the RI of tin oxide were obtained compared to indium oxide.…”

“…1(b) shows the optical model for the Bragg grating deposited on the multimode optical fiber end facet. Parameters such as the thickness and the number of periods were adequately dimensioned so that resonance could be obtained in the reflection spectrum, and the optical constants have been obtained from previous works [18], [19], [25], [26] to simulate transparent conductor oxides. These simulations have been performed with Matlab®, following a numerical method based on plane wave propagation in a one-dimensional stack of layers of different RIs [27], [28].…”

MOCVD deposition of zinc and bismuth chalcogenides films on the surface of silica optical fibres

“…The number of lossy modes increases with increasing the film thickness. A coupling between a waveguide mode and a specific lossy mode of a thin film at a particular value of film thickness leads to attenuation dips in the transmission spectra (LMR) [1][2][3]. The coupling requires overlapping of mode fields and matching of mode phases, namely, equality of the real part of propagation constants of the lossy mode and the waveguide mode.…”

An Analysis of a Compact Label-Free Guiding-Wave Biosensor Based on a Semiconductor-Clad Dielectric Strip Waveguide

“…Semiconductor and metal-clad optical waveguides allow for the modulation of the properties of propagating light due to coupling between the lossless modes of the dielectric waveguide and the lossy optical modes supported by the thin cladding layer [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. This coupling depends on the thickness and refractive index of the cladding layer, as well as on the refractive index of the surrounding medium, which makes this type of guided-wave structures suitable for refractometric (bio)sensing [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. Compared to metal-clad configurations, the use of a semiconductor layer cladding allows for the use of both transverse electric (TE) (the electric field has no component in the direction of propagation) and transverse magnetic (TM) (the magnetic field has no component in the direction of propagation) polarization modes [ 18 , 19 ] and offers the possibility of obtaining higher refractive index sensitivities [ 25 ].…”