Lossless Watermarking Algorithm for Geographic Point Cloud Data Based on Vertical Stability

Abstract

With the increasing demand for high-precision and difficult-to-obtain geospatial point cloud data copyright protection in military, scientific research, and other fields, research on lossless watermarking is receiving more and more attention. However, most of the current geospatial point cloud data watermarking algorithms embed copyright information by modifying vertex coordinate values, which not only damages the data accuracy and quality but may also cause incalculable losses to data users. To maintain data fidelity and protect its copyright, in this paper, we propose a lossless embedded watermarking algorithm based on vertical stability. First, the watermark information is generated based on the binary encoding of the copyright information and the code of the traceability information. Second, the watermark index is calculated based on the length of the watermark information after compression and the vertical distribution characteristics of the data. Finally, watermark embedding is completed by modifying the relative storage order of the corresponding data according to the index and watermark value. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has good invisibility without damaging the data accuracy. In addition, compared with existing algorithms, this method has a higher robustness under operations such as projection transformation, precision perturbation, and vertex deletion of geospatial point cloud data.

Reversible data hiding algorithm in encrypted images using adaptive total variation and cross-cyclic shift

“…In other words, RDH refers to the process of embedding additional data into the carrier data while maintaining the ability to completely recover the original carrier data without any destruction (Chang et al, 2021;Di et al, 2019). Therefore, RDH technology has important practical application value in some application scenarios that require high information integrity, such as medical imaging, military communication, and other fields (Huang et al, 2023;Kim et al, 2019;Zhang et al, 2023).…”