Lossless Digital Watermarking Technology for Vector Maps

Sun, Jian Guo; Zhang, Guo Yin; Men, Chao Guang; Wu, Yan; Wang, Xiang Hui

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.241-244.2773

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…where W i,j and W i,j are stored and extracted watermarks at the coordinates of (i, j), respectively. The Bit Error Ratio (BER) is a quantitative metric to evaluate the specific error size of extracted watermark [54]:…”

Section: Watermark Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dual Zero-Watermarking Scheme for Two-Dimensional Vector Map Based on Delaunay Triangle Mesh and Singular Value Decomposition

Zhang

et al. 2019

Applied Sciences

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Digital watermarking is important for the copyright protection of electronic data, but embedding watermarks into vector maps could easily lead to changes in map precision. Zero-watermarking, a method that does not embed watermarks into maps, could avoid altering vector maps but often lack of robustness. This study proposes a dual zero-watermarking scheme that improves watermark robustness for two-dimensional (2D) vector maps. The proposed scheme first extracts the feature vertices and non-feature vertices of the vector map with the Douglas-Peucker algorithm and subsequently constructs the Delaunay Triangulation Mesh (DTM) to form a topological feature sequence of feature vertices as well as the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) matrix to form intrinsic feature sequence of non-feature vertices. Next, zero-watermarks are obtained by executing exclusive disjunction (XOR) with the encrypted watermark image under the Arnold scramble algorithm. The experimental results show that the scheme that synthesizes both the feature and non-feature information improves the watermark capacity. Making use of complementary information between feature and non-feature vertices considerably improves the overall robustness of the watermarking scheme. The proposed dual zero-watermarking scheme combines the advantages of individual watermarking schemes and is robust against such attacks as geometric attacks, vertex attacks and object attacks.

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Section: Watermark Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Bit Error Ratio (BER) is a quantitative metric to evaluate the specific error size of extracted watermark [54]:…”

Section: Experimental Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual Zero-Watermarking Scheme for Two-Dimensional Vector Map Based on Delaunay Triangle Mesh and Singular Value Decomposition

Zhang

et al. 2019

Applied Sciences

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“…The second lossless watermark technology embeds the watermark by modifying the attribute domain. This kind of method embeds the watermark information into vector data attributes and adjusts the storage order to achieve copyright protection [11][12][13]. For example, Sun et al [11] hid watermark information in data attributes according to the TAB file structure, a file format for vector maps.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This kind of method embeds the watermark information into vector data attributes and adjusts the storage order to achieve copyright protection [11][12][13]. For example, Sun et al [11] hid watermark information in data attributes according to the TAB file structure, a file format for vector maps. The watermark is effectively concealed after embedding, since each vector object reserves redundant space when defining attributes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copyright Protection Based on Zero Watermarking and Blockchain for Vector Maps

Ren

Zhao

Zhu

et al. 2021

IJGI

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Zero watermarking does not alter the original information contained in vector map data and provides perfect imperceptibility. The use of zero watermarking for data copyright protection has become a significant trend in digital watermarking research. However, zero watermarking encounters tremendous obstacles to its development and application because of its requirement to store copyright information with a third party and its difficulty in confirming copyright ownership. Aiming at the shortcomings of the existing zero watermarking technology, this paper proposes a new zero watermarking construction method based on the angular features of vector data that store the zero watermarking and copyright information on the blockchain after an XOR operation. When the watermark is being extracted, the copyright information can be extracted with the XOR operation to obtain the information stored on the blockchain. Experimental results show that the combination of zero watermarking and blockchain proposed in this paper gives full play to the advantages of the two technologies and protects the copyright of data in a lossless fashion. Compared with the traditional zero watermarking algorithms, the proposed zero watermarking algorithm exhibits stronger robustness. Moreover, the proposed data copyright protection framework with a combination of zero watermarking and blockchain can also be applied to other data types, such as images, audio, video, and remote sensing images.

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“…Although many watermarking schemes have been proposed [1][2][3][4][5][6][7], most of them modify the map more or less to embed the watermark in it. For a vector map, which is sensitive to the precision, any form of distortion is insufferable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Zero-Watermarking Scheme for Vector Map Based on Feature Vertex Distance Ratio

Peng

Yue

2015

Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering

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With the rapid development of GIS and computer techniques, vector map data has been widely used in many fields. Since the production of map data is very costly, illegal copying will result in huge loss for data owners. In order to protect the copyright of vector data, digital watermarking has been employed in recent years. In this paper, a zero-watermarking scheme for vector map data is proposed. In the proposed scheme, FVDR (feature vertex distance ratio) is constructed based on the feature vertices of objects. The feature data, FVDR, is combined with watermark to generate the zero-watermark. Due to the specially designed cover data, the proposed scheme is robust to geometrical attacks, vertex attacks, and object attacks. The results of extensive experiments also demonstrate the robustness of the proposed scheme.

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Lossless Digital Watermarking Technology for Vector Maps

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Dual Zero-Watermarking Scheme for Two-Dimensional Vector Map Based on Delaunay Triangle Mesh and Singular Value Decomposition

Dual Zero-Watermarking Scheme for Two-Dimensional Vector Map Based on Delaunay Triangle Mesh and Singular Value Decomposition

Copyright Protection Based on Zero Watermarking and Blockchain for Vector Maps

A Zero-Watermarking Scheme for Vector Map Based on Feature Vertex Distance Ratio

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